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Harassment and Bullying when using Email, SMS, Facebook in Workplace Research Paper

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Saturday, December 28, 2019

Organization work well with a hybrid of various cultures - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1189 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Management Essay Type Argumentative essay Did you like this example? In the modern business environment, there is no single best culture, each organization works well with a hybrid of various cultural orientations. The organizational performance is best on a strong vision and values laid down by its human resource. My main idea is that an organization culture should be established in such a way that it a sense of shared purpose. When an organization properly analyses its set up and it will be possible to overcome the difficulty that is associated with the management of the aspects of its culture. In most cases, organizational culture exists as a form of hidden values and assumptions. In my own view, organizations that have a tendency for a strong and shared culture enjoys better performance in terms of employee commitment, it is also associated with lower quit rates that are coupled with maximum customer satisfaction and very high profits. The human resource manager of an organization should be able to identify the existin g values that in everyday undertakings. This is vital for better performance of the organization. Recently, the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development issued a report showing the close linkage between the personal attitudes of the employees, the culture of the organization and the Human resource policies (The CIPD, 56). The report investigated this scenario and established that there is a very strong linkage between this scenario and human performance. I strongly support the argument that strong-shared values and high commitment improves the productivity of an organization, since the way in which employees are managed in relation to Human resource is the determinant factor for success. Clearly, it is shown that the linkage between strong-shared values and high commitment in such a way which ensured that their value are demonstrated and shared hence there are people who are maximally satisfied, and therefore will tend to display higher levels of organizational commitm ent, and lower levels of dissatisfaction over levels of pay.  For example, People/employees in different branches who receive identical pay are normally satisfied and committed in their operations. This is directly related on how they demonstrate their shared values. A good organizational culture is build when Ideas have been identified, embedded, integrated, measured, and managed into habitual, collective, and routinely configured into a habitual level. The intermingling of different cultural affiliations to create a unique organizational culture with values acts as a source of competitive advantage to the organization.  In order for the organizations to deliver effective performance, they need to input extra efforts in creating and maintaining stream of shared values and vision for those who work for them as employees or volunteers. As (Rochie and Sadowsky, 4) stated, the Mission statements and strategic of an organization should be derived to set the performance stan dards high enough. Employees should be made to feel a sense of purpose that is reflected in a positive working environment. The business organizations should aim at developing the discretionary behaviours in the individual employees, these targets, when attained can be so important to business performance, they function by creating supportive cultures that encourage high innovations and improved job performance. The environment should be created so that new employees will easily adapt into the cultural set-up and the already set of behaviours of the existing employees. These cultures and behaviours become self-perpetuating to the extent that a small change at the top of the system is insignificant and cannot change the already set values in the system. The people management criteria should be adopted by organizations in creating a virtuous circle that people will desire to build success proceeds to enjoy in working for successful organizations. This gives a chance of exhibitin g the discretionary behaviours, which maintains the ability to succeed. The process of creating a new culture, attempts to foster the positive appraisal of core values and objectives of an organization based on the strategies for objectives that meet certain criteria that is viewed as the infusion of a particular kind of creativity. Special attention to certain cultural practices in an organization spreads through the organization comprising the management channels of implementation of the objectives. There should be a series of checks and balances in the organization channel, which adopts the cultural advancements and the objectives for it to raise the possibility of adoption by the stakeholders. Given the organizational culture that has the attributes of performance, which promote the success of the organization. Particularly, the greater the effects of the cultural orientation in the organization, the more steadily it adopts to the changing environments. Some established cu ltures are considered dynamic by the virtue of their possession of the provenance ability whose dimension can apply in the evaluation of the organizational objectives. The core values can be used in defining the dimensions that will guide the organization. For example, in many Organizations, culture has always been adopted in line with the dimension on which management personalities are inclined. Cultural advancements can be encouraged by varying the way in which the policies are initiated. Besides the policies, the social-economic factors can lead to new dimensions on which the cultural affiliation originates. The objectives that dramatically introduce new evaluative culture can be less expansive and less logical, these can cause more difficult in the individual process of cultural adoption. In such like cases, immediate organizational contact may be necessary to help enlighten on the new measures to be undertaken. This implies that the overall process of cultural adoption sh ould be socially and transimissive. In my conclusion, it should be emphasized that, the most successful organizations have the characteristics of inherent strong values, well formulated guiding vision, which communicates a set of behaviour that is appropriate. The manner in which these values are transmitted, shared across the organizations employee gaps and the reflection in the daily actions of employees at various levels either creates a strong culture or destroys the already established culture. A number of factors should be considered of importance in the determination of the relationship between the management of people and the business performance in various occasions. The ability of an organization to succeed highly depends on the right choice of Human resource policies. The combination of the ability, motivational levels, and available opportunities in an organization determines its success. The organization should have clearly spelled out terms and conditions for recruitment of qualified employees, how to create motivational and achievable targets, and the means of providing the employees numerous opportunities to use their skills and abilities to maximize production. Successful organizations have a tendency for embracing a strong and shared culture that ensures better performance. This type of organizations registers lower quit rates that are coupled with maximum customer satisfaction, high rates of employee commitment, and high profits margins. The Mission statements and strategic of an organization should be derived to set the performance standards high enough. Employees should be made to feel a sense of purpose that is reflected in a positive working environment. The business organizations should aim at developing the discretionary behaviours in the individual employees, these targets, when attained can be so important to business performance, they function by creating supportive cultures that encourage high innovations and improved j ob performance. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Organization work well with a hybrid of various cultures" essay for you Create order

Friday, December 20, 2019

The Myth Of Evil By Phillip Cole - 1384 Words

Evil has been a topic that has always been discussed with some amount of controversy—especially in the religious aspect. People who have the Judeo-Christian-Islamic perspective wrestle with the notion of how there can be an omniscient, omnipotent, and perfect God who allows such atrocities to happen in the world. It is also difficult to understand how God also allows natural evils — like hurricanes or cancer— to ruin people’s lives and harm people in any way. However, the discussion of evil expands far beyond the religious understanding. In the book, The Myth of Evil, by Phillip Cole, he explores the possibilities and possible theories of evil within the realm of religious belief and outside religious ideology. He recognizes there are four†¦show more content†¦This does not mean that the reasoning behind the actions are justified, this just simply means that people always have a way to justify their actions with their own kind of logic or reasonin g. An early example of this was the Witchcraft trial in Europe in the late 1600’s. People were afraid of the dark magic that witches could possible posses. This fear swept across most of Europe and they made witchcraft illegal. Anyone caught practicing witchcraft would be punished by death. There was no trial, and torture was used to obtain confessions from accused witches. People did unspeakable things in order to obtain confessions and execute people who they believed were trying to destroy the world. In the process of attempting to â€Å"save humanity† they tortured and killed many people in the process. The people did not believe they were doing something evil; they believed they were saving the community and the rest of humanity by getting rid of these people (Cole 81-83). The greatest and most well know event for claiming that people are capable of being purely evil in Cole’s opinion is the holocaust. During the holocaust, millions of people of religions, ages, sexes, and cultural backgrounds were killed at the will of Hitler. Many people argue that this event in human history is proof that human beings are capable true evil. However, Cole argues that although these acts are trulyShow MoreRelatedMoral And Cognitive Development : Morality Is The Herd Instinct1837 Words   |  8 Pagesand instinctual in nature. This preexisting component of the individual translates into the caliber of character the person exhibits and what drives them to do and act in certain ways. Some individuals might errantly refer to this as simply good and evil. This oversimplification neglects the fact that these matters are not always black or white or all or nothing. The evidence of this will be shown in every human being who has the potential for both good and bad beh avior. Essentially, there are twoRead More Emotion and Memory of the Holocaust Essay4533 Words   |  19 Pagesof the Holocaust, as both are historically significant in piecing together the chronology of events between 1939 and 1945. No proof could be stronger than that voiced by Hannah Arendt in her book Eichmann in Jerusalem: Report on the Banality of Evil. Her work describes the capture, trial, and execution of Adolf Eichmann by the Israeli Government. Eichmann was one of the most notorious desk killers of the Third Reich, organizing the deportations of many Jews from all over Europe, including GermanyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesEthical Behavior 22 Coming Attractions: Developing an OB Model 23 An Overview 23 †¢ Inputs 24 †¢ Processes 25 †¢ Outcomes 25 Summary and Implications for Managers 30 S A L Self-Assessment Library How Much Do I Know About Organizational Behavior? 4 Myth or Science? â€Å"Most Acts of Workplace Bullying Are Men Attacking Women† 12 An Ethical Choice Can You Learn from Failure? 24 glOBalization! Does National Culture Affect Organizational Practices? 30 Point/Counterpoint Lost in Translation? 31 QuestionsRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 Pagesto feelings of inferiority, weakness, evilness, or shame. So they avoid new self-knowledge. As Maslow (1962, p. 57) notes: We tend to be afraid of any knowledge that would cause us to despise ourselves or to make us feel inferior, weak, worthless, evil, shameful. We protect ourselves and our ideal image of 58 CHAPTER 1 DEVELOPING SELF-AWARENESS ourselves by repression and similar defenses, which are essentially techniques by which we avoid becoming conscious of unpleasantness or dangerous truthsRead MoreProject Mgmt296381 Words   |  1186 PagesSociety, 48 (12) 1997, pp. 1241–44. Brooks, F. P., Jr., The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering Anniversary Edition (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley Longman, Inc., 1994), pp. 15–26. DeMarco, T., Slack: Getting Past Burnout, Busywork, and the Myth of Total Efficiency (New York: Broadway, 2002). Ibbs, C. W., S. A. Lee, and M. I. Li, â€Å"Fast-Tracking’s Impact on Project Change,† Project Management Journal, 29 (4) 1998, pp. 35–42. Khang, D. B., and M.Yin, â€Å"Time, Cost, and Quality Tradeoff in Project

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Gender Typing In The Confessional Poetr Essay Example For Students

Gender Typing In The Confessional Poetr Essay Gender Typing in the Confessional Poetry of Judith Wright Judith Wright (1915-2000), a poet, an essayist, a short story writer, and an activist, represents her hardship, gender-awareness, protest against the imperial outlook of patriarchy and her typical attitude towards men In her confessional poetry. She Is considered the best poet of Australia and is globally recognized for writing poetry in a confessional mode. The poet through her subjective voice portrays a collective condition of women of her society. In many of her poems, she unveils womens sufferings which chiefly relate to ale domination. She both explicitly and implicitly expresses her experiences in her poems. The poet analogies herself sometimes with nature and sometimes with the vulnerable condition of the downtrodden people, especially the black. She does not come across any difference between the condition of women, and that of nature and of the black. For her, all are equally tortured and exploited by the socially benefited class, Her poetry Is also the embodiment of her suffering, humiliation, deprivation, suppression and oppression, which are identical experiences of every woman of patriarchal society. Wrights Childhood: A Period of Depression and Darkness Judith Wright for the first time became a victim of patriarchal favoritism at her home: Family has always been the so called feminine realm in the paternal colonial scenario of Australia where men are predominantly engaged in explorations and mastering of women (Ads Men 147). When she was two and a half years old, her younger brother was born and from his birth her position in the family became worthless. She says, It was his arrival that first set me on the path out of Eden. Fair- haired, brown-eyed, happy and cooed over by everyone. While I was dark-haired. Ninnies-eyed and female, he had supplanted me (Half a Lifetime 30). The scenario is not a new one in a male-dominated society: he majority of parents wish to have sons rather than daughters. Boys are spoken to with more seriousness and more esteem, and more rights are granted them; they themselves treat girls with contempt, they play among themselves and exclude girls from t heir group, they insult them: they call them names like pips pots, thus evoking girls secret childhood humiliations. She started writing poetry at the age of six to please and cheer her (Behavior 311) ever-ailing mother. She was encouraged to write poems by her mother, who was Interested In her daughters poems thinking that they would lessen her Illness. The poet was, however, disheartened, for her loving mother died during her childhood. The death of her mother came to her as a bolt from the blue. It brought her an unbearable hard time and at this point she felt completely alienated from the rest of the world. The poet felt guilty as she could not do anything to save her mother who died young, at the age of thirty-seven. Wright writes in her autobiography, Half a Lifetime: My mothers death came when she was thirty-seven years old and I was eleven. When at last she died on a day I can never remember without a shudder for her the end of my childhood was final. Apart from grief, I had guilt to contend with. I knew I had not been able to comfort her or help her through those dreadful days at all, though I was the eldest and the girl, facts always emphasized when I failed in my duties. In that winter of her death, life had changed forever. (103-104) an eleven-year- old girl to survive and to continue her study, as the woman who cared for her, left her for good. In the above reference the clause though I was the eldest and the girl deserves our attention. The clause raises questions: Cant a woman get help from the male members of a family? Is it the responsibility of a daughter only to help her mother when she is ill? The poets blame on herself delicately shows her family members indifference to the illness of her mother. It can be viewed that Wrights society was careless about womens sufferings. Its attitude towards women was a callous one. A society based on masculine rule is usually unsympathetic and indifferent to the problems of women. The experience that she gathered from her society compelled her to think that a male-dominated society hardly values women. After her mothers death, though for a long time Wright did not write anything, she at one stage started writing poetry again to regain her spirit and to tell the tale of her struggle to the world, the only thing I had to treasure was poetry and the knowledge that I was going to be a poet (Half a Lifetime 107). She felt that it is only poetry which has the ability to connect reason and emotion by a mixture of rhythm, rhyme and image in such a way that we are forced to see and feel things anew (Cornwall 3). After her mothers death, the poet was sent to a boarding school, for her stepmother was impassive and harsh towards her. Her stepmother took her as a burden on the family. So, she was destined to go to the boarding school. Wright faced gendered attitude of society at her boarding school too. Though her school was a girls school, it was modeled and run following the rules of boys school. She observed masculine domination at her school after coming across an identical phenomenon in her family. The poet states in Half a Lifetime: For some reason it was modeled on British boys public schools. Like theirs, its school songs tended to be incomprehensible and masculine. Forty years on, growing older and elder, then its strange chorus, Follow up! Follow up! Till the field ring again and again . Hymns, exhortations, sermons, all seemed to be recycled from male-directed models. Scripture lessons, called Divinity, inculcated masculine values; the female gender was seldom used, except in sewing and cooking lessons. Even in these there were no references to exemplary females, though Mrs. Beaten and Coco Chance at least might have been held up as encouragement. Only Miss Young, my English teacher, seemed to regard George Eliot as the equal of Dickens and Thacker. 112) What the poet writes in her autobiography is her first-hand experience. The quoted passage distinctly shows that dominance of male sexism is prevalent in every phase of society. Even the sermons and religious scripture are male directed. Masculine values are overemphasized everywhere. The condition of women who are found useful only for sewing and cooking has also been reflected in the passage. It seems that the phrase sewing and cooking is a tool for dehumidifying women because it emphasizes womens sewing and cooking qualities only rather than other activities performed by them. Wright in the above passage also wants to portray that even the trustworthy women who played a significant role in various ways in the socio- economic development of the country were ignored. Besides, the female littà ©rateurs were not equally valued like the male ones of that time. This shows the reluctant tendency of men in terms of acknowledging the contribution of women. The poet institution] and academy men secure consent of the very women they oppress and each institution Justifies and reinforces womens subordination to men with the result that women internalize a sense of inferiority to men (Mandela 16). She in addition came to know that women in her society did not have any opportunity to inherit land from their ancestors. The rules of society only helped them to get some money: We women of the family could inherit money but the land was not ours (Half a Lifetime 67). On account of social setup, women were deprived of inheriting any land. Knowing this fact during her childhood was also a shocking experience for the poet. The poets fathers gendered mind-set furthermore triggered her childhood trauma. He was unwilling about her education: My father was reluctant to consider Sydney, let alone university (Half a Lifetime 117). He did not allow her to get admitted into a university. The biased outlook of her father hurt her badly. It might be realized that this outlook is the conventional outlook of every father of a male-centered society, as in a male-dominated society a father gives less concentration on his daughters / daughters education. However, Wright went against the existing social system by denying her fathers gendered mind-set, and by getting herself admitted into the University of Sydney. Under patriarchal principles, in terms of marriage of a woman it is a man who takes the decision, not the woman herself, and what is imposed on a woman, she cannot but accept it. During her childhood, Wright had to witness such an incident when one of her aunts (Audrey) was married off. She saw that it was not her aunt who took the decision of her marriage; rather she had to submit herself to the decision of her father. The incident terrified her. She came to visualize her own feminine destiny in the future. In the words of the poet: Once the wedding was over, I began to understand my own feminine destiny. Girls, I now knew, had few choices. Their future lay Inside, while Outside was a male domain. Not even the Inside in which they had been born and reared would belong o them unless, like my fathers sister Wet, they stayed unmarried and without much status. For the unmarried did not, I gathered, choose to be so; to marry was the proper destiny for women, even those who, like my aunt, seemed to live more or less happily and had their own pursuits of painting and music. Evidently, they were not allowed to have children. They had nobody to order about, no household to rule, and no acceptable role beyond working for others, without independence or money of their own. Half a Lifetime 52) She could perceive that the same destiny is waiting for her in future. So, she decided to leave: What I loved, then, I would have to leave if I wanted to be free. (54) Disturbance and Sufferings of Married Life The gendered attitude of her husband made her married a life frustrated one. She observed that male-dominated society is quite catego rical, inconsiderate and cruel towards women. In patriarchal social system, neither father nor husband understands a woman. The purpose of this society and that of its masters is to make women submissive and to remind them that they are inferior to men in every sense. This society believes that men are without any question, the masters of the oral (Behavior 352), and surely in this circumstance a woman feels oppressed and submerged, for which she becomes a stranger to the rest of the world (353). The condition of the poet was not different from that of the other women of the society. In fugue of male-domination, did not understand her, muff will not understand my words when I tell of it / You do not understand me; yet you are part of me (Unknown Water 18-19) though she considered him to be a part of her life, And I still believe in you, though you will not understand me (19-25). How do I love thee by Elizabeth Barrett Browning and Remember by Christina Rossetti EssayIn fact, society establishes such customs, values, and ethics that demean women. As a result, Judith Wright like any other woman is frustrated; psychologically tortured, destined to male brutality, and condemned to masculine ugliness. Judith Wright, throughout her life, sought such love from her husband that has emotional bond, for she believed that love having emotional touch has the healing quality to placate her inner wound, alienation, grief, and suffering. She was, however, deprived of getting such love from her husband. Getting love becomes so arduous that it resembles to winning a foreign land. This view has been expressed in The Man Beneath the Tree: Nothing is so hard as love Nothing is as strange as love Love is like a foreign land. (5, 9-10) The cited lines show us how dejected the poet is. Without being loved by her husband, she feels alienated. Her alienation is, once again, explained in the poem Brown Bird: Brown bird with the silver eyes, fly down and teach me to sing. I am alone, I will not touch you or move. (1-4) The bird is, here, teaching her to speak out of her loneliness. The bird reflects the inner voice of her self by which she wants to signify her isolation to her male- untreated. This position of women in society is like two peas in a pod as in women, Medusa 882). The poet puts in words how women are watched like dummies in the market by men to keep them under their super control. The reason behind their mentality is they are the Ruler of women (Easter Moon and Owl 9). Men practice colonial ideology and dominate over women. Their colonial tendency is clear in the following lines: Men spy you out with eyes. And they plan colonies. (Brown Bird 12, 14) Women always feel inferior due to the orthodox attitude, old customs, traditions and values of a male-dominated society. Wright in her poems complains the wicked strategy of men by which they take control over women. The poem Woman in Orchard can be taken to illustrate such design of men. With the progress of the poem we see that the woman who takes pleasure in the reflection of her body in the pool is warned. It is said that the witches are behind her and she will also be a witch one day. It is because men observe everything and they have set such design under which women are to lose every hope and aspiration of their life. She articulates: Look, look, you fool who but the man that painted it? He sees the orchard woman ND sees the witch behind her casting the old and Jealous spell. Look how he brings the two together in one reflection in the pool the ugly one you will be, the lovely one you are. The speaker in this section of the poem warns that it is a man who has painted the design within which women are to live. Men cast their old and Jealous spell to blend both the ugly and the lovely. It is a man who monitors every movement of women and plans accordingly to have power over them. So, a woman is tied up with a hidden chain the chain of domination. She is confined to the narrow room where she has en given a deadly brainwashing (The Laugh of the Medusa 877). The lamentation of the poet is identified in the poem Boar Ring when she mourns: The song is gone; the dance is secret with the dancers in the earth, the ritual useless, and the tribal story lost in an alien tale. (1-4) In Rainforests, also Judith Wrights speaks how women are to follow the dream-world of men. Mens dream is the destination for women. They cannot go beyond it. Wright here too formulates the identical characteristics of men. She declares: We cannot understand that call Unless we move into his dream, here all is one and one is all and frog and python are the same. We with our quick dividing eyes The forest burns, the tree-frog dies, yet one is all and all is one. (5-12) The poet through various miseries portrays the linked relationship between the human world and the natural one, and explains how one is discriminated by the other. All men either frog or python are the same in terms of their approach to women. It can be different regarding the implementation of their orthodox ideas over women, but their outlook is, more or less, very similar. However, Judith Wright wants to be optimistic. She desires to feel that there will be a time when discrimination between men and women will disappear. Nobody will be tortured; no one will die she dreams. She also dreams that this world will equally be a safe place for all: No one is dying, nobody being tortured, this is the real world and perfectly safe. (Dream Loneliness, Frustration, Grief and Anguish: Evil of Her Everyday Life Her poetry is an epitome of the complexity of her life that is replete with loneliness, frustration and grief. Her poetry shows that like the birds, the poet wishes to lead a harmonious and charming life but u to the patriarchal canon the harmony is threatened and the charm of life is unattainable. Men are responsible for destroying the peace of nature and that of the women simultaneously. The existence of animals, plants and women are now under threat. The poet combines the threat to the other inhabitants of nature with that of her self in her poems very artistically. In the poem, Birds, she urges her husband to be simple to myself as the bird it to the bird (20). Many more poems in the anthology Birds, including The Peacock, Parrots, Magpies, Dove-Love, and Rainbow-bird are suggestions for the representatives of the male-dominated society to learn from natural phenomena which are not exploiting each-other. What is interesting is that it is men who are responsible for creating anarchy and disharmony in both the natural and the female worlds by destroying the prior and by exploiting the posterior. It is true that our survival as a human species largely depends on the ecological balance, equality of right, simple living, constraining greed and valuing others. Wright opines that devaluation of women along with the natural world which she considers her self must be stopped. For Wright, in a male- dominated world nothing depends on the impulse of women which further illustrates the delimitation of the power of women. Men are the decision makers; they do whatever they like as the poet writes in Sister: It is all one whether I deny or affirm you; It is not my mind you are concerned with. It is no matter whether I submit or rebel; the event will still happen. 9-12) The above lines highlight that the poets husband is adamant and obstinate to fulfill his beastly desire. He does not bother whether she admits or denies as his beastly attitude is never be changed under any circumstances. There is no value of the poets view, as what will happen is fixed. The poet shows how the women are devalued and euthanized. Their every opinion is usually rejected by men. It even matters less whether she rebels or gives up, for what is predetermined by male in pat riarchy is an inevitable law. Women must follow this law. In fact, women cannot change any result is women are forced to cope up with the existing situation for their survival. This is how they are oppressed, exploited by patriarchy. The poet again writes how indifferent the men are to the women: You neither know nor care for the truth of my heart; UT the truth of my body has all to do with you. You have no need of my thoughts or my hopes, living in the realm of the absolute event. (13-16) The speaker speaks how sordid her husband is about the thoughts and hopes of her own. But he never forgets to be satisfied with the bodily pleasure. To the poet, men are reluctant to value womens emotion. She obliquely portrays that men need body which is only necessary for carnal love but women need mind and body both, as they believe that love is the combination of both body and mind. This condition of women induces them feel beaten and abused. For her, women are living in a Wind of ghosts when they live in a philanthropic society. Says she in the poem The Promised One: I lived in a wind of ghosts; a storm of hands beat at my flesh. The Lazarus at my gate demanding life, redoubled his demands (1-3) The poet brings the biblical reference of Lazarus who demands her life. According to myth, Lazarus is a male whom Christ has brought out from the grave and has given life. It can be interpreted that a man here demands the life of a woman. Women being subordinates in man-centered society cannot voice against any oppression imposed on them. The demand of life is quite symbolically represented by the poet. She wants to disclose the confined condition of her voice in the society. If a woman is not given any scope to speak and her words are neglected, she feels suffocated and psychologically dead. This is how men, imposing their masculine power over them, mute the voice of the women. Wrights Feminist Consciousness Wright, an coefficients, in her poems brings a comparison between gender and nature linking anthropocentric and linear thinking to systems of domination and power. She believed that there are interconnections between the oppression of omen (sexism), the oppression of the Other and the domination of nature (naturism) (Sinai 10). To Wright, sexism, racism, class exploitation and environmental destruction are four interlocking pillars on which patriarchal society is built on. She found no difference between nature and women as both are mute and unable to protest directly. The poet perceives that the domination over nature is the domination over her. In Frigid Roomers words, Wrights poetry of feminine experience whose power came partly from a feminine awareness of land as body, looted Wright as a woman poet into masculinity national framework (26).

Wednesday, December 4, 2019

Aviation Hypoxia and Reporting Statistics †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Aviation Hypoxia and Reporting Statistics. Answer: Introduction: Hypoxia is a deficiency to a human body that occurs as a result of lack of sufficient oxygen in the body. It is tumor caused by a decrease in molecular concentration of the oxygen molecule. In aviation, it is caused by decreased pressure in oxygen emanating from an increase in altitude levels which are beyond human compatibility. Studies show that, for every breath of air, the body absorbs a certain percentage of oxygen. When frying higher, the percentages of air composition remain constant in the atmosphere. However, at a peak elevation, the air becomes less dense therefore decreasing the bodies capability to absorb oxygen Gas. A study by (Acharya 2017, P, 696-707) in his journal of informatics shows that atmospheric pressure at 10,000 feet can be approximated to two-thirds of the available oxygen to breathe. This causes depressurization and therefore leads to hypoxia which has remained to be an ever-present disaster in aviation, leading to a lot of negativities such as accidents and poor performance. This hypoxia disaster has adverse effects to the pilots who engage in aircraft operations. There are different types of Hypoxia associated with a deficiency in oxygen. The common type which is usually experienced at high altitudes where the air density is insufficient is known as hypoxic hypoxia. At higher altitudes, there also exists another form of hypoxia known as hypemic hypoxia. It occurs when the hemoglobin molecule in the blood fails to transport the oxygen inhaled. Following studies from a book by (Alexander 2014, P, and 575-242) it can be deduced that this happens because the carbon monoxide gas binds in an irreversible way to the hemoglobin, therefore, loading the body fluid transport mechanism. Regarding health, the impact of this disaster, to the pilot on the flight, lack of sufficient oxygen at a higher altitude becomes one of the most dangerous occurrences that can lead to sudden death. This happens such that in high altitudes, there exists little oxygen pressure which has little capability to push the oxygen gas into the human lungs, and the bloodstream upon inhaling. As a result of this decrease in oxygen gas in the body, its supply to body tissues and organs is undermined. This results to malfunctioning of various organs in the body such as brain heart and kidneys. When organs are impaired, human life faces a threat since they are the core organs that support human life. This oxygen starvation is the reason behind death occurrences that are witnessed in aircraft operations. For example, in Greek history, a plane by the name Helios Airways which originated from Larnaca international airport having carried 115 passengers and six cabbing crews faced an accident as a result of oxygen starvation. The incident happened when the crew encountered loss of pressurized oxygen. This made them leave the aircraft swaying in the air and finally landed on the ground leading to the death of a great number of people. Mind disorientation is another effect of hypoxia that happens to a pilot. Since hypoxia is a process which happens bit by bit, one cannot realize its suffering, until he or she experiences oxygen starvation. A Research by (Albright 2015, P, 63) has it that hypoxia gives poor judgment to a pilot. This happens where at the initial stages of its experience, a pilot feels like having undergone alcohol toxicities. Since oxygen starvation firstly strikes the brain, the critical order of judgment that happens in the brain becomes disoriented. The pilot starts having a misleading pleasant leading to a false sense of security. This can make the pilot fry higher until the hypoxia is severe enough to cause death. Hypoxia is associated with somebody effects is also termed to bring about motion sickness. This happens where while in motion, a pilot starts experiencing strange feelings and blurred vision. For example, upon facing hypoxia, a pilot may start experiencing narrow visions while the piloting instruments start having a frizzy appearance. Also, as the pilot moves higher, his or her lips and skin under the fingernails start turning blue while the heartbeat presents palpitations. This effect disorients the pilot's concentration which results in aircraft accidents. For example, Boeing 747-206B aircraft involved an accident caused by hypoxia experienced by the operator KLM Royal Dutch airlines. The flight originated from Schiphol airport in Amsterdam Netherlands it was meant to land at Gran Canaria airport but crashed on the way leading to a total loss of 248 fatalities. Hypoxia also has adverse effects on psychomotor performance. This means that when a pilot experiences hypoxia, he or she losses ideology and coordination of the aircraft. Due to these impairments, a pilot cannot be able to control the aircraft since it requires a sober mind free from destruction. Referring to the body effects of hypoxia, it has been observed that loss of consciousness is one of oxygen starvation effect.(Ali and Darnel 2017, P, 446-505) explains that this oxygen starvation can make the pilot collapse leaving the aircraft unattended. This causes the aircraft to descend and crush resulting to the death of the people in flight. Hypoxia also instills fatigue to the pilots leading to poor psychomotor performance. Where the fatigue generated, cause drowsiness resulting to poor concentration. This fatigue might also cause the pilot not to notice the direction of flight thereby facing sudden collisions. It is also outlined that, it is hard to note the onset of hypoxia. This is put forth by the fact that Hypoxia creates euphoria which refers to the abnormal excitement. This excitement can make the pilot fry higher above the stipulated level. In these regions, hypoxia is more severe since air pressure reduces with increase in altitude, and also goes hand in hand with the pressure of oxygen. The following are examples of accidents that happened as a result of the gradual onset of hypoxia. In 2005, an aircraft B733 en route from northwest of Athens Greece crashed when it descended as a result of exhaustion of fuel. During this incident, 115 passengers and six crews perished due to lack of pressurization. This happened when the crew was engulfed by hypoxia leaving the flight under control of the autopilot and management computer whose rescue actions failed. Secondly, the research has it that in 2007, a flight named RJ1H en route from South West of Stockholm Sweden crashed after the crew perished as a result of depressurization. Hypoxia disaster is still a threat even today since flight operations are not still fully equipped with the measures meant to curb it. For example, use of advanced oxygen disciplines such as cabin pressurization is not yet embraced. The disaster is said to remain a hindrance in aircraft operations since flight passengers are not always fully equipped with oxygen backups. As discussed in his book (Rabotyagov 2014, P, 58-79) it is found that this may be due to lack of sufficient funds to purchase this commodity and failure of manufacturers to install oxygen gadgets in flights. Negligence by the flight crews to observe the level of altitudes is another factor that encourages hypoxia to happen frequently. This happens such that pilots fail to note the impact they are to make by frying higher above the recommended altitude level. Economic needs also make hypoxia remain a threat today since every commercial aircraft operation is based on minimum expense cost. Following this idea, pilots are advised to fry higher above where the flight can move faster and burn little fuel since as the flight climbs above, the air gets thinner, therefore, enhancing fast movement of the flight. Since most aircraft operators are more inclined in reaping the benefit of fast and economical movement, they easily forget that in high altitudes Hypoxia is most severe. In these regions, there exists insufficient oxygen to fuel the flight engine, and pressurize the air inside the flight. This leads to malfunction of the pilot resulting in accidents. Therefore, need to economize commercial aircraft operations facilitate the existence of hypoxia as a hazardous threat. Due to heavy traffic that exist in lower flight aircraft routes, most pilots tend to fly higher to avoid airborne traffic and other distractions such as moving birds. As they do so, they keep on increasing chances of hypoxia since as seen earlier hypoxia gradually increases with increase in altitude due to the reduction of pressure in oxygen molecule. As far as these traffics remain to be evaded, hypoxia remains a threat even today. Furthermore, in his publication, (Gatterrer2014, P, 731) narrates that in the event of emergencies; pilots tend to fry higher trying to stabilize as the situation gets addressed by the autopilot and computer management. As this happens, hypoxia disaster may also happen to make the plane crew to collapse and land with an explosion. Therefore, where empirical and critical control of the flight by the autopilot personnel is undermined, Hypoxia remains to be a threat even today since cases of emergency shall keep on recurring. Lack of adequate training of aircraft personnel is another factor that encourages hypoxia to remain a threat till today. It happens that the cost of competent training for pilots and autopilot personnel is so high such that people opt for shortcuts which give them partial knowledge of aircraft operations. ( Kotliar 2014 P, 763-772) outlines that, this is the reason behind some pilots would fry higher above the recommended level to suit their excitement without realizing that there are risks of hypoxia associated with high altitudes. Failure to observe the methods implicated on making the conditioned air is also a thriving factor enhancing existence of hypoxia as a threat today. Cabin pressurization is a process of feeding conditioned air in the cabin of an aircraft requires careful attention to prevent failure. The conditioned air is processed through some activities. Studies by (Legg 2014, P, 126-140) Shows that these activities include, blending off the air from gas turbines then compressing it to gain high pressure. This gas is then humidified cooled, and recirculated air is then mixed before distribution to the cabin. Since some companies fail to speculate and observe one of these procedures of air installation, the cabin of aircraft still fails to provide the conditioned air at a high altitude leading to suffocation of the passengers on the flight. Therefore, as (lynch 2017, P, 295-303) concludes, Carelessness of the manufacturers of these aircraft cabins facilitates hypoxia to remain a threat even today. Global warming is another hindrance facilitating the existence of hypoxia where the existing weather condition doesn't facilitate aircraft operation.(Mahoney 2014,P,45-56) Explained that this is because global warming has resulted in changes in the formation of clouds and air composition in the aircraft routes. This effect forces the pilots to fry higher to evade congestions. While trying to evade this climate conditions, the pilots end up facing hypoxia as they fly higher and higher. Therefore, as far as global warming exists, hypoxia remains to be a threat even today. Despite its existence, there are measures which can be put in place to protect against it. Malle (2013, P, 773-779) proposed that Carrying oxygen in the plane as a backup is one of the measures that can be put in place to protect against hypoxia. This includes installing conditioned air in the cabin of an aircraft through cabin pressurization. This oxygen can be used in flight which fries above 12500 feet where hypoxia is likely to occur. It can also be used when having night flights above 5000 feet. Another measure that can be applied to curb hypoxia is obeying the recommended route and altitude. That is, frying within or below 12500 feet. This can help evade limitations associated with a reduction of oxygen pressure which causes hypoxia.in his journal Martinussen 2017, P, 456-556) stated clearly that "both vocational and professional training is a fundamental practice that can help alleviate the hypoxia disaster." This is made possible whereby the vocational training equips the crews with advanced experience in practical skills of aircraft operations. This includes both autopilot and computer management. On the other hand, professional training equips the crew with knowledge and competent skills in both aircraft operations and climate conditions. For example, following an article by (Ostheimer2014, P, 276) it is found that the training offers a good understanding of the aircraft routes, weather conditions and safety measures of operation such as oxygen mask donning in the event of hypoxia. When crews are equipped with a good understanding of these operations, hypoxia can be protected from happening, as well as reduce accident incidents brought about by hypoxia disaster. Observing weather conditions can help protect against hypoxia. This can be done through processes such as preflight which is a preliminary test on the climate situation before the actual flight operation as explained in a book section by ( Rotta 2014, P,360-363).During this pre-flight, identification of altitudes with icing conditions, towering cumulus and turbulence can be determined to locate the safest zone to follow. When these preliminary activities are carried, hypoxia alleviated. In his statement (Schindler 2017, P, 67-71) asserts that High-performance gliding is a method that can be applied to curb hypoxia where a pilot descends rapidly upon crossing a terrain this helps evade high altitudes associated with hypoxia, and also preserve backup oxygen for more altitude areas. If the crew is skilled enough to exercise this, chances of hypoxia can be eliminated. During the flight, passengers should be addressed sufficiently to have technical skills to identify chances of hypoxia. For example (Shankran 2014, P, 2629) proposed that this gadget can be mounted with additional equipment such as such as pulse ox meters. This gadget measures oxygen content in the blood. A sensor device is mounted on them that clip the fingertips. They give immediate readings where 100 percent represents a normal reading while 95 percent indicates the minimum expected value. Below 90 percent, the device gives a warning indicating the presence of hypoxia. Providing passengers with these additional devices can help alleviate hypoxia disaster since the warning signs indicated by this device can prompt immediate safety measures such as rapid descending. Use of Automatic Descent Mode, (ADM) in aircraft, can help solve the hypoxia disaster. This happens in such a way that when depressurization occurs at high altitudes, the ADM gives the passengers a chance to engage in other activities. The activities engaged in include identifying the safest path to follow and staying conscious of the changes. Following a study by (Temme 2017, P, 101-105) it is clear that when this hypoxia phenomenon happens, the computer management that is, the autopilot department guides the aircraft to approach safest altitudes with at with a high velocity. The ADM activation is done when the autopilot is engaged in guiding the flight. This is normally done when the flight is 30,000 feet above, and the cabin is at an altitude of 9700 feet or more as reported by (Winslow 2015, P, 693-701). The ADM helps alleviate the hypoxia disaster by guiding the flight through a specified mechanism. To start with, the ADM guides the flight to turn 90 degrees left. This helps the flight to partially leaving the altitude with depressurization. Secondly, the Autothrottle is automatically engaged when required to reduce the thrust to a resting position. The ADM also makes the flight descend with a relative speed of 10kts lesser than Vmo/Mmo. Before deciding on which altitude to follow a pre-selection of 15000 ft. Altitude is first tested then the ADM is expressed in the middle of the FMA panel. In his article, Zafren (2014, P, 29-39) outlined that When the aircraft reaches 15000ft, it maintains a speed of 250kts, and the ADM remains in control until the autopilot is withdrawn. In conclusion, ADM operation supports hypoxia protection by improving safety operations in aircraft, reducing the workload to the crews in flight and also fully automating the flight system. Reference list Acharya, S 2017, Real-Time Hypoxia Prediction Using Decision Fusion. IEEE Journal of biomedical and health informatics, pp.696-707. Alexander, W 2014. Hypoxia recovery system for mask off hypoxia training. U.S. Patent Application,PP. 141-242. 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