Featured Post

Harassment and Bullying when using Email, SMS, Facebook in Workplace Research Paper

Badgering and Bullying when utilizing Email, SMS, Facebook in Workplace - Research Paper Example This investigation likewise indicates em...

Saturday, August 31, 2019

Anthem by Ayn Rand An Overview Essay

Anthem Essay Anthem by Ayn Rand is a most interesting novel filled with many different emotions, but one emotion Prometheus failed to encounter until later on in life was free will. He eventually learns the true meaning of freedom and how to cope with his stern intolerable society. Even though he is reprimanded unfairly for what is the best in him, Prometheus still has faith for what he is doing is right. Also change and progression might be an unnerving thing to the world council, but that won’t stop Prometheus from saving what’s left of his worlds past. Living and growing up in such a collectivist society, Prometheus never knew what it meant to truly feel free. Never knowing that his whole society had been deceived and doomed to corruption was a major disadvantage for Prometheus, but through it all he followed his heart and pulled through. He came to realize that he is free in almost all ways possible. Free to think, say, and feel what ever and whenever he wants. Ayn Rand writes â€Å"And we heard suddenly that we were laughing, laughing aloud, laughing as if there were no power left in us save laughter. † The theme in this quote is free will. Prometheus experiences free will after escaping to the uncharted forest, away from his unforgiving, unprogressive collectivist society. In this amazingly unique story Anthem a young man named Equality 7-2521, later known as Prometheus, has been neglected of the knowledge of his past and now lives in a never changing collectivist society in which he feels he does not belong. Being born too tall and too smart was no accident of fate, Equality I believe was born for a much bigger purpose. That purpose being to bring change to not just his small city but to the world, to bring something new into the spectrum of life. Equality believed he was cursed with having a mind much quicker than all his brothers and was reprimanded by his teachers for his actions. Rand says â€Å"It is not good to be different from out brothers, but it is evil to be superior to them. † Equality comes to learn that his transgression was really no transgression at all, but rather human nature, his way of freedom, and hos character. The one thing the world council fears the most is change and progression and this is exactly what Prometheus puts into play. All he wasn’t is to bring light to the world with his new invention, but the council fears what might happen if they let this change occur. The council can only see the bad in what he has done even though there is a profuse more amount of good in it. Fearing the suggestions of being lashed and burned until nothing was left; Prometheus runs to the uncharted forest for the council misread his good intentions as greed. Rand writes â€Å"How dare you think that your mind held greater wisdom than the minds of your brothers? † Prometheus only wants to better mankind and save it from its future corruption. Objectivism is the inimitable philosophic meaning of Ayn Rand in this novel. Metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, politics, and aesthetics are the five predominant aspects to objectivism. Each and every one of these aspects was acknowledged in almost every chapter of this book. Rand writes â€Å"Man is a rational being. Reason, as man’s only means of knowledge, is his basic means of survival. † This quote is coming from the aspect of human nature and is explicating that what a man truly knows is his life and what he will come to be. As you can see Anthem is a very compelling story with ethics, reason, romance, and so much more. Prometheus now recognizes how wrong his society had been in depriving himself and his brothers of the knowledge of their past. Also Prometheus comes to conceive why the best in him had been deemed as his sins and his transgression. Though through the hard times in his society Prometheus was different he could never just simply follow the crowd, in the end his dissimilarity could be the one thing his society needs to redeem their own transgressions.

Friday, August 30, 2019

Unity, Faith and Discipline

Unity, Faith and Discipline Quaid-e-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan gave us three golden principles. They are Unity, Faith and Discipline. In his life he followed these principles and got Pakistan. Quaid-e-Azam once said, â€Å"The success of our achievement will depend upon our Unity, Faith and Discipline. † In this short sentence Quaid-e-Azam has given us the guide line to make Pakistan a success. If we follow these principles in our individual, social and political life, we can make Pakistan very powerful.Unfortunately, we have not paid much attention to these guiding principles. Unity is the first principle given by Quaid-e-Azam. It means co-operation with one another. Unity gives nation strength to face its enemies. Pakistan appeared on the map of the world on August 14, 1947. This miracle was achieved through the unity of the Muslims. In Islam all the Muslims are brethren to each other. In many of Quaid-e-Azam's speeches, he has stressed on unity and ad vised to be united in our work for the country. Discipline is the second principle. It means following certain principles.Discipline also means mental or moral training. By this principle Quaid-e-Azam means training to obedience and order. Through this principle Quaid-e-Azam united the Muslims of India into a disciplined organization. With the help of discipline he created unity among them. No civilized society can exist and progress without discipline. Islam also lays stress on discipline. Five times prayers, one month's fasting and annual pilgrimage to Makah are various forms of discipline. Without discipline, our energies are scattered and we can make no progress.Faith is third principle of progress. This is the centre principle or ideology. It can create unity and discipline in people. In Islam, faith in Allah and Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) is the basis of the Muslim community. It also means in us. If we want to develop our country, we should be sure for what we are working. Nothin g can be achieved without faith. Even now if we have faith in our religion, we can work wonders in a short time to make Pakistan strong in all walks of life. Written By: Misha Imran IX’CC J

Thursday, August 29, 2019

Human motivation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Human motivation - Essay Example In terms of social status, the person with higher status generally has lesser aggressive behavior than the poor persons. For, the rich have so many choices to choose from. Whereas, the poor are more aggressive for the poor have lesser choices to pick from. Consequently, the poor will try to force the other side to implement their choice. For example, the rich can choose to eat at the exclusive but costly restaurants because they prefer privacy and restaurant ambience is filled with only a few people. Or, the rich can choose to eat a hurried lunch at the fast food chain Kentucky Fried Chicken. Here, the McDonalds place is bustling tight with people both young and old. Thus, a person who does not have social skills usually ends up behaving aggressively in order to get attention or to get the other person’s forced approval. Furthermore, the person that is lesser in social status will be more aggressive because he or she is not after the social status in life but rather what to ea t now, what to wear now and where. According to the journal Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology (Nanale et al., 2004), Homophily is a natural phenomenon. It is the standard situation where people would rather join a group that have similar likes and dislikes as they have. The popular saying â€Å"birds of the same feather flock together† explains this. This is generally true with human behavior. Thus, friendship are more solid between friends of the same interest ( prefer NBA, Soccer, poker, girls, drinks and even nightspots) as compared to friendships between relatives and people who are not friends. As discussed above, the person that have the ability to make choices will have less aggressive human motivation. In turn, these people are likewise less coercive and angry for they will generally not force their wishes on the other persons. To reiterate, a person who can make choices from many alternative actions is less aggressive than a person who can not make choices due to

Wednesday, August 28, 2019

The humanistic Tradition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The humanistic Tradition - Essay Example For example, early marriages were a normal phenomenon whereby, young teenage girls were married off to older mature men especially amidst the upper class families where marriage was a tool of reinforcing allegiances and expanding the family’s wealth (US History). In addition, only women from rich families had access to any form of education. However, it is important to note that gender differences predetermined the type of education one received; for example, scientific academic disciplines were only offered to males. In spite of these dire circumstances, some women remained determined to educate themselves. One such woman was Lavina Fontana (1552-1614) who rose to become a professional and highly sought after painter for the very rich. Her expertise transcended over her husband who was also a fellow painter. It was highly unusual at the time for a woman to be both married, a mother and working (Castiglione). Luretia Marrinella was to set a new standard for women as she neither saw herself as devious nor frivolous but as serious with the ability to think. She defied the negative perception that women were slow and soft, a presumption held even by humanists such as Alberti who the society considered to be ahead of the zeitgeist (spirit of the times) for they lobbied for equality. Marrinella, a poet wrote great quality pieces as she mourned her dead husband. This set her apart from other women in the society (Castiglione). The achievements of most modern influential women would seem unreal for women living in the predominantly controlled masculine culture in the past. Modern new day feminists like Gloria Steinem have taken fighting for women’s rights to a higher level through advocacy, politics, media, leadership, and of course the age-old art of writing in journals and newspaper columns (Marcello 5). Alice Walker popular for her novel â€Å"The Color Purple† is an activist and author

Tuesday, August 27, 2019

Journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 68

Journal - Essay Example Initially, the writer gives an overview of the case and accusations, as well as charges faced by Ziegler, a supervisor in Montgomery. Then, the author of this article breaks down the accusations one by one explaining how they happened and how Ziegler participated in approving to pay bills to cover for the purchases he made in his favor. This helps in understanding the story better because, without the explanations, it would be hard to comprehend how those absurd charges came to be. Another part of the story that captured my attention is the employee’s comment when asked why he gave Ziegler a tank of propane. Heydt made it clear that he had to do it because his boss said so. The author uses this to highlight how bosses misuse their position to gain loyalty from employees. Employees become loyal because of fear of losing their jobs. Though this story would not pass for a national headline in the front pages, the presentation is interesting, and it succeeds in reaching the target

Monday, August 26, 2019

Genetics and Criminal Behavior Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Genetics and Criminal Behavior - Research Paper Example If for instance a person is proved to be genetically predisposed to criminal behaviour, they can be given intervention therapy to help them not to end up in crime. This would be like knowing that someone is about to get some disease and intervening before they actually get the disease. It would work as a way to immunize the person from criminal behaviour by helping them to be able to recognise their won weaknesses and how to overcome them. The second way in which this kind of approach to criminology can be useful in the prevention of crime is by helping the criminals to be able to pin point criminals long before they commit any crime (Connor, 1995). Not only would it be able to help in preventing crime, it would also be able to help in situations where investigations of already committed crime are being carried out. This would help in identifying suspects in a much easier way and being able to carry out investigations in an effective way. There are various cases where genetics have been seen to be a cause for criminal behaviour. A good example of this is the Jared Lee Loughner case in which Jared Lee Loughner went on a shooting spree where he killed six people and injured numerous others (Denno, 2011). His defence counsel asked that a forensic psychiatrist carry out an assessment of the suspect. William Bernet, a psychiatrist carried out an assessment of the suspect and concluded that he had a rare mental condition, m onoamine oxidase which would predispose him to violent actions. The lawyers were able to prove that the suspect did not carry out the criminal act of his own will but that he was genetically predisposed to do the same. The above case also proves that using behavioural genetics can be useful in the justice system in making sure that justice is served in the best way possible. Failing to do so will mean that the people will not be able to get full

Sunday, August 25, 2019

Cigarettes and Smokers Regarding The Economy Essay

Cigarettes and Smokers Regarding The Economy - Essay Example Cigarettes taxes are most effective in reducing consumption of the young population or more precisely children and teenagers who get pocket money and are not financially independent (Chaloupka). People who try cigarettes for thrill will be put off greatly by a significant amount of sales tax. But for hard-core consumers of cigarettes, quitting is not easy at all as they experience withdrawal symptoms if they try to quit. They will be willing to forgo their consumption of other products but cigarette. Foregoing the consumption of other products does not curb the need for them. Therefore, hard-core smokers tend to resort to shop lifting because after spending on cigarettes they are left with very less money. The sellers of other products will incur losses because hardcore smokers are willing to sacrifice products like biscuits, sweets, chocolates or magazines for cigarettes. Sometimes when the government announces a rise in sales tax on cigarettes, it takes time for the tax to come int o effect. In the mean while smokers buy cigarettes in bulk so that they do not have to pay the higher price for a packet of cigarettes. So this bulk buying should be taken into account before the government imposes sales tax. Some economists are of the view that a sales tax on cigarette will be more effective in the long run than in the short run because smokers readily adjust to price in the short run. If the price is permanently increased from let’s say $2.5 to $5.0 for a packet of cigarettes then the long run impact will be double the short run one and a lot of people will be able to overcome the habit altogether. Imposing a sales tax on cigarettes is just not enough. The revenue generated from sales tax should be invested in Health Programs dedicated to discouraging smoking. Also filtered cigarettes should be taxed less than the unfiltered ones. However the difference in the tax rates for the two should not be very large. Besides this taxation policy, there should be a ban on cigarette advertising and it should be made mandatory that the hazards of smoking be mentioned on a packet of cigarettes. With no advertising, the attractive packaging also lures consumers. The government should come up with a generic packaging design that is less appealing to consumers. It should be obligatory on retailers to sell cigarettes to people who have attained the age of majority (18 years old). Government sponsored campus drives at different schools and universities should be held in which lectures on negative effects of smoking should be conducted. Student volunteers can also be hired by the government to spr ead awareness. There should be tariffs imposed on the cheap cigarettes imported from other countries. Sales taxation alone cannot deter consumers from smoking. Like other economic policies, taxation should be carried out with above mentioned measures to ensure good health of all.

Saturday, August 24, 2019

What do you understand by globalisation Discuss who- if anybody, is Essay

What do you understand by globalisation Discuss who- if anybody, is benefiting from different aspects - Essay Example The policy changes have opened up borders domestically and internationally hence facilitating the movements of goods and services and causing massive migration across the globe (Johnson, 2002, 428). Many nations have adopted free-market economies thus expanding investment and trading opportunities, as well as expansion of production potential. The advancement in technology is the main driver of globalization and is making people develop the capacity for making informed decisions (Intriligator, 2003, p. 3). The use of information technology and the use of internet have increased the interactions of people through use of mobile phones and the use of social media such as facebook, twitter, YouTube and MySpace among others. The interactions of people have resulted to peace and understanding across the globe. The interaction of people from different cultural backgrounds has improved the way people respond to various issues (Thompson, 2007, p. 1). Different people have enriched their culture by copying positive aspects of the other people’s culture thus improving their living standards. For example, the Western culture has imposed significant changes in the cultures of developing nations in a positive way. The religion of the Western communities has been accepted in the developing countries (Dator, 2006, p. 23). The building styles of the Western countries have been greatly appreciated in other communities and so on. The governments from different nations have benefitted from globalisation because, through the movement of goods and people across nations, the governments are able to increase revenue. Globalisation has resulted to exports and imports of products across the globe (Intriligator, 2003, p. 7). The governments levy custom duties on imports thus increasing the nations’ income. The world nations are able to increase their GDP because they have the opportunity to produce products for sale in other

Friday, August 23, 2019

Rhetorical analysis of Sweatshop Oppression Essay

Rhetorical analysis of Sweatshop Oppression - Essay Example In the opening paragraph, Ravisankar says that we are all â€Å"poor college students† (87). Through these words, Ravisankar conveys the message that despite our formal education, we fail to understand the relation between our tendency of low-cost consumerism and the poor wages the employees get in those sweatshops. In other words, ‘we’ are placed first in the list of culprits by Ravisankar. Thereafter, one can observe the use of pathos by Ravisankar. He says that the employees in sweatshops ‘are forced to work 70-80 hours per week making pennies per hour’. In addition, there are ‘unsanitary bathrooms, poor ventilation, and extreme heat upward of 90 degrees’ (86). Evidently, this description sufficiently informs the readers about the pathetic situation prevailing in such sweatshops. Thereafter, Ravisankar depends on logos to disprove the claim that the fight against sweatshops has adverse impact on the poor in developed countries as companies change their locations when there is opposition from labor right activists and trade unions. Here, Ravisankar uses the logic that trade unions and labor right activists are not against the location of the companies but against the inhuman activities prevailing there. He alleges that the companies shift their location because they want to find cheap labor in another location. From the very beginning, one can see the use of ethos. Throughout the essay, he relates sweatshops with the inhuman situations in the said companies. At first, he says ‘we’ are responsible for this inhuman condition as we are crazy about ‘low-cost’ products. Thereafter, he describes how pathetic is the condition of employees in such sweatshops. After contradicting the claim that anti-sweatshop campaign adversely affects the poor workers, he asserts that the companies are the ones to be blamed. It is their zest for excessive profit that creates such a situation. Now, as ‘we’- ‘the poor

Terrorism as a Tactic of Warfare Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7250 words

Terrorism as a Tactic of Warfare - Essay Example The United States Institutes of Peace, in handout number three of its International Terrorism: Definitions, Causes and Responses, tells us that the rationale behind terrorism falls into the categories of â€Å"psychological perspective,† describing that perspective as one in which individuals participate in the act of terrorism for â€Å"[†¦] personal reasons, based on their own psychological state of mind (11).†The second perspective is ideological, the handout advises, â€Å"[†¦] the beliefs, values, and/or principles by which a group identifies its particular aims and goals.   Ideology may encompass religion or political philosophies or programs (11).†A third perspective is that of strategic significance, which the handout defines as â€Å"When people seek redress of their grievances through government, but fail to win government’s attention to their plight, they may resort to violence (11).†Still, a fourth perspective on the use of t errorism is one in which the previously three stated perspectives together serve as the rationale for an act of terrorism (11).   When the rationale constitutes all three of the previously stated rationale, the rationale becomes obscured, or undeterminable.Von Clausewitz’s ArgumentVon Clausewitz’s analysis of war is useful in analyzing terrorism, and are evident in Stewart’s Analyzing Terrorism cited earlier in this discussion.   Von Clausewitz held that it was important to analyze who was conducting the war, or, in this case, the act of terrorism (French).   Identifying who is making the war helps explain the rationale.

Thursday, August 22, 2019

The Fair Value change with respect to the Financial Crisis Essay Example for Free

The Fair Value change with respect to the Financial Crisis Essay The world has come under the grips of a global financial crisis. Such events with big accounting and financial impacts are few and forlorn but when they do come, they bring with them uncertainty and pessimism as well as the desire to bring about some change so as to curtail such events from taking place in the future. With regards to standard setting, this is being achieved through the debate surrounding fair value reporting. Banks and many other troubled financial institutions that bore the brunt of the tidal wave of the credit crunch are calling on the Financial Accounting Standards Board to ease their stance in relation to fair value accounting whereas investors and financial analysts are standing forward to block this move. Fair value accounting had been brought into place after much deliberation by standard setters over the years. Its application worldwide was a reflection of the need for financial statements to reflect the assets held by firm on their balance sheets at prices they could be realized at today in the markets, in a fair deal and an arm’s length transaction. This was recognized as something that provided a fair outlook of the current financial position of banks and other institutions and was held very closely guarded by the FASB (Katz 2009). The chairman of the board’s adherence to the need for fair value to continue and his defense of the methodology in a testimony before the US House of Representatives Financial Services Subcommittee in March of 2009 is a strong indicator of where standard setters actually fall in the debate. However, in April of 2009 the board voted to relax the fair value rules under strong political pressure and in an uncharacteristically rapid fashion for a body that is known to engage in long debates and continued discussion before enacting any changes in the accounting standards. This change has sparked unique responses from the two sides of the debate. Banks and other financial institutions have been delighted with the measure. They had come out in open opposition to fair value rules following the financial crisis stating that it unfairly influenced their accounts. They argued that the use of the fair value criteria resulted in them show items in their balance sheet as significantly lower value than they would be actually realized at, thereby giving them a relatively bleak financial outlook with very pessimistic figures (Katz 2009). The impetus for the move was that if this could be alleviated to some extent, then banks would be better able to report their true financial situation and reduce some of the write-offs that have wrecked the industry, thereby even putting them in a better position to issue more loans and perhaps precipitate faster recovery from the crisis. The optimism of the banks with regards to the proposed shift by the FASB was reflected in the markets as the stocks of major banks such as Citibank and Bank of America went up in the New York Stock Exchange. Investors and financial analysts however have been strongly against the move being put forward by the FASB in April. They argue that fair value accounting results in showing the actual financial health of the financial institution and changing the rules would result in a distorted perspective being put forward to the investors. It is further seen as being a highly transparent view of the financial health as it leads to assets being valued at the amount they could be traded today which is a reflection of the economic times as well as the trend of decision making that has been going on in the industry. Thus after the changes have been brought into place, investor group are showing growing unhappiness at what is viewed as something potentially harmful. They were also wary of the involvement of political pressure in the move, which if freely allowed to influence international standard setting would compromise the integrity of the field and harm investor confidence as well. The FASB did come out in support of the investor though by additionally requiring more disclosure of the methodology employed by firm for valuation after the FASB allowed them significantly more room for judgment regarding it through relaxation of the rules. It further did not allow the financial institutions to apply the changes retrospectively which would have altered their 2008 statements as well. It also restricted the application of some proposed changes such as those relating to valuing impaired securities by keeping it only for debt securities. FASB’s shift has been in a manner that can be considered characteristically different from its formal procedure. The world of standard setting has been slow with prolonged discussions before any changes are brought forward. With regards to the current change, it was made considerably rapidly by bringing in remarks for discussion, pursuing a review of one day and then handing out the proposed changes which is a testament to the tricky financial times and political pressure. The shift that was brought about included allowing the firms considerable room for â€Å"judgment† with regards to gauging prices of some of their investments represented on the financial statement as well as those for mortgage backed securities (Katz 2009). This did meet with opposition from other bodies such as the CFA Institute and investors groups, the former arguing that such arbitrary changes damage their credibility while the latter is in woe of the difficulties investors will face now. They have even gone out to condemn to some extent the U-turn taken by the chairman of the FASB whereby he shunned the changes proposed to fair value methodology in front of congressional subcommittee but then agreed to put in place the same measures hardly a month later. Thus it can be seen that the current financial crisis has altered the direction standard setting in accounting has taken. It can be said that this is a fairly damaging trend. While it may result in short term gains for fighting the financial crisis and help shore up loans and lending, it could be damaging in the long run as political pressures and advocacy groups may damage the credibility and transparency of standard setting and financial statements presentation. It could also be adverse for the investor who may not trust the standards as providing fair information and affect their behavior. Furthermore, the integrity of the institute may well have been compromised in this case by the u-turns being adopted by the chairman of the FASB. Bibliography Katz, Ian (2009, April 2). FASB Eases Fair-Value Rules Amid Lawmaker Pressure. Retrieved June 17, 2009, from Bloomberg Web site: http://www.bloomberg.com

Wednesday, August 21, 2019

How has Portugal been affected by globalization

How has Portugal been affected by globalization Economic globalization is not a recent phenomenon, it is the continuous evolution of developments that have been in train for a considerable amount of time. One may define economic globalization as the process by which markets and production in different countries are becoming increasingly interdependent due to the dynamics of trade in goods and services and flows of capital and technology European Commission (1997) cited in Sloman (2006). In other words, it involves the use of the factors of production on a world scale. The aim this essay is to discuss the impact of globalization in the economy of Portugal. Firstly, this paper will examine the relation between the globalization concept and the Portuguese integration in the European Union, explain in what forms its has been beneficial and describe the job creation in the service sector brought about the development of new information, production technologies and the expansion of tourism. Secondly, it is going to discuss the different negative repercussions of globalization in the various sectors of economic activity, analyse the socio-economic consequences of the relocation of multinationals, consider certain foreign investments in Portugal and expose certain possible disadvantages of having a single currency. The European Union as Cardoso and Ferreira (2000) asserts is currently the most successful example of regional economic integration which reflects the present Era of globalization. Portugal as a member of it since 1986 and as consequence of the European integration process has been experiencing considerable political, social and mainly economic changes. According to the above mentioned author, the various Portuguese areas of economic activity have been profoundly influenced by the European regulations and policies. With the creation of a common European market and a single currency, several constraints that limited in some extent the efficiency of business organizations and the full employment of their resources have been suppressed, the Portuguese companies gained the opportunity to explore economies of scale and to specialize in certain good and services through comparative advantage, improved their position to negotiate internationally, eliminated the exchange rate uncertainty, re duced inflation rates and enhanced competition which stimulates greater economic efficiency. Moreover, Cardoso and Ferreira (2000) further affirms that the gains of greater economic integration and interdependence between countries due to the globalization of the economy through the European Union also involve savings in foreign exchanges and transport costs. Furthermore, according to Lima et al. (2006), the above mentioned regional economic integration with its respective technological development of telecommunications and transport also permitted for example the organizational and technological restructure of the banking sector and stimulated employment in the service sector, mainly in the tourism sector. Considering the case of tourism, as Cardoso and Ferreira (2000) explains, this sector that in Portugal assumes significant social, cultural and particularly economic importance in creating jobs, increasing income per inhabitant, in the development of skilled labour, economic dive rsification and infrastructures has been profoundly positively affected along with different various areas of economic activity by the globalization and the European regulations and policies. Currently the total contribution of Travel and Tourism to the Portuguese Gross Domestic Product, including its wider economic impacts, is forecast to rise by 2.4% from à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬25.7bn (14.7% of GDP) in 2011 to à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬32.6bn (16.2%) by 2021 (World Travel and Tourism Council, 2011) and one may deduce that the above mentioned economic facts are due to the present globalization that made the tourism industry grow mainly with the fusion of cultures, transports revolution and deregulation policies as Wahab and Cooper (2001) assert. In addition, Lima et al. (2006) corroborates the above mentioned arguments by pointing out the fact that jobs in the hotel and restaurant sector increased by 9.4% between 1998 and 2004 and it also asserts that there has been noteworthy investments in transpor t and telecommunications, 30,000 jobs were created between 1998 and 2004 in this sector and it represented in 2006 7.4% of the service jobs. Furthermore, as a positive impact of the globalization in the countrys economy, Portugal since its integration in the European Union has always benefited from various structural funds and programs to encourage economic growth, higher competitiveness and to help reduce disparities among regions. As an example, one may consider the Portuguese archipelago island of Madeira which according to Beirman (2003) has been apportioned since 1986 structural funds to develop and modernize the region that made possible the construction of numerous infrastructures as roads, bridges, schools, airports, ports and health clinics. On the other hand, globalization also affected negatively the economy of Portugal in various aspects. According to Lima et al. (2006), the liberalization of the global economic markets encouraged the relocation of national and foreign industries from Portugal to other countries with more profitable production costs, which ultimately resulted in increasing unemployment in certain economic sectors, particularly in the automobile, footwear and textile sectors. As Lima et al. (2006) explains, the effects of the above mentioned aspects are considerably different in the various economic activities. In the case of industry, according to Lima et al. (2006), the number of jobs has been cut significantly by 105,000 jobs between the year 2000 and 2006. In contrast, over the same period, approximately 417,000 new jobs were created in the service sector. However, the above mentioned author further notes that precarious work situations are more common in the service sector. On one hand, from the a nalysis of the above mentioned arguments one may notice that globalization in Portugal creates in some situations new jobs and opportunities to expand companies, but on the other, provokes significant qualified and unqualified unemployment. According to the European Commission cited in Lima et al. (2006), the sluggish European economic growth combined with the acceleration of the liberalization of World Trade resulted in a loss of 860,000 textiles and clothing jobs in EU between 1998 and 2010; sectors that are considerably important for the Portuguese economy. The footwear and textile industries are the source of a considerable amount of jobs in Portugal and they have been severely affected by the relocation of enterprises to countries that offer fewer bureaucracies, less strict labour criteria, financial benefits and cheaper factors of production. According to the Portuguese national statistics institute cited in Lima et al. (2006), Portugal lost 90.000 jobs between 1998 and 2004, reducing its industrial employment from 23.5% in 1998 to 19.4% in 2004. In addition, at the above mentioned period, as Lima et al. (2006) asserts, Chinese entrepreneurs have been investing in the textile and clothing sector, a phenomenon that has previously occurred in Italy where the Chinese business management method, based on production at considerable low margin of profit and high volumes of sales has raised several issues regarding unfair competition. Although one may initially suppose that the above mentioned foreign investment is beneficial to the economy of the country, in reality it may be perhaps considerably prejudicial in several aspects since local small and medium size industries possess difficulty in competing with the Chinese production costs. Regarding other industries, particularly the automobile industry, according to Lima et al. (2006), has also been affected since 1990 by industrial relocation for mainly the above mentioned reasons; There was a 9% drop in jobs i n this sector between 1998 and 2004 (ibid). As the above mentioned author further notes, the closing of the Opel factory in Azambuja in 2006 left 1.200 people without a job and Renault closed its Setubal factory and invested in various new factories in Brazil and Slovenia. Consequently, unemployment as Lipsey and Chrystal (2007) point out, involves numerous micro and macroeconomic issues that damage the economy of Portugal, including the loss of the individuals income, a decline in their living standards, social deprivation, negative multiplier effects, a loss of potential national output, a waste of resources (labour) and fiscal costs since the government loses tax revenues and possesses the necessity of spending more on welfare payments for unemployed family members. Moreover, as Sloman (2006) make clear, due to the current global and regional interdependence Portugal is affected by the economic health of other countries and by their governments policies, issues in any area of the world can significantly affect Portugal through trade and financial markets, despite the eventual geographical distance. The present Portuguese economic situation reflects the vulnerability of the country to financial crisis. Finally, the European Monetary Union that is one of the examples of todays globalization, may be prejudicial to the Portuguese economy if Portugal possesses for example higher rates of inflation and if consequently its national enterprises possess difficulty in competing with the rest of the European Union. With a separate currency Portugal could allow its currency to depreciate and prevent being a depressed region of Europe with rising unemployment. In conclusion it seems apparent that the economy of Portugal has been profoundly affected by globalization. This essay has shown that it is possible to identify in Portugal numerous positive aspects and a significant amount of negative consequences of the global and regional increasing interdependence. One may deduce that the current concerning economic Portuguese situation is in part a reflection of the international financial crisis and the countrys vulnerability to the exterior. Nevertheless, from the analysis of the above mentioned arguments and despite the referred serious prejudicial implications of globalization, it seems undoubtable that globalization in recent years has contributed to the economic prosperity of Portugal. Hence, this essay suggests to minimize the negative effects of globalization in the Portuguese economy, the investment in education to qualify the work force and gain competitiveness, creation of more jobs in viable sectors as tourism, possible greater monit oring of financial institutions to prevent unexpected issues and increased international co-operation to solve the current and future economic problems.

Tuesday, August 20, 2019

Socrates And Importance Self Reflection Philosophy Essay

Socrates And Importance Self Reflection Philosophy Essay 1. Socrates developed this philosophy when he himself was facing some challenges as he was facing trial for corrupting young people and undermining the state religion. Socrates once said that the unexamined life is not worth living. In this he was Socrates wanted forward various issues including the independent of mind or autonomy, if an individual does not reflect on their values and life and just living life like they are going through a motion. One behaves like a mere cog in the machinery of that is the human universe. When we have experiences whether good or bad we should think about them and try to find out why they are happening to us. One should always question their personal actions, what drives them, and we should remodel our character into a way we feel it is the most appropriate and not what others or situations think. A life that has not been examined has no author, for the individual did not live his life but mere followed the force of nature or others. Therefore it is very important for an individual to be examined for it helps them to find their place in the society. According to Socrates the human life is supposed to be for one to achieve both personal and spiritual growth. An individual will be able to understand their true nature when they examine and reflect on the life they are living. By having an examination on the life we live we will better understand our pattern of behavior. By deeply contemplation on our life we will better understand our subconscious which is what controls our life. Therefore if we do not make time to understand our subconscious we will unconscious be living a repetitive life with no meaning. Examining our life relates to philosophy as it means we have to take time to study our behavior and find ways of improving this behavior. 2. Plato in the discussion that he made on the myth of the cave, he distinguished on aspects of awareness which are knowledge and opinion. In the myth of the cave he described how one has been deeply chained inside a cave. As they are chained in the cave their cannot see each other and they have restricted vision and what they can only see is the wall in the cave and which shows shadows from statues belonging to animals and various objects emanating from a burning fire. One of the chained individuals escaped from their captivity in the cave to the light of the day. After escaping the person sees real world for the first time and goes back to those still in the cave and informs them that they have only been seeing appearances and shadows and if they fight to free themselves they will see the real world out there. The environment in the cave which has appearances that are shadowy it shows to for Plato is the appearance that is there in the physical world. The escape to the world full of the sun outside of the cave is a symbol of transitioning into a world that is real, where things are full and perfect, and there are real forms, this are the true aspects of knowledge. Plato argued that Forms are arranged according to hierarchy. With the top Form being the form that is good, according to the myth of the cave is the sun. The sun which acts as the form of good helps to explain on how an individual becomes aware of how things they are the way they are or how they came to be. The cave stands for the world which is in our imagination, the in the shadows cave shows of how at passive state that we are at when thinking. Those who decide to learn in the cave are the individuals who have empirical knowledge and are able to make predictions. The knowledge that they have is not useful but a shadow. Educati on is only important if it can be able to free someone from their bondage. Every individual has an ability to think and If does not utilize this it is because he is held by chains. 3. Elizabeth Spelman once claimed that, women have been portrayed as bodily being. By portraying the woman this way she is denied her status that belongs to her as a human being. According to Rene Descartes who is accredited to have developed the theory of Cartesian dualism, he argued of distinction between the mind and the body and they are also separate. Cartesian dualism states that the thoughts of a man are a reflection of his beliefs, values, conditions, experiences, and development. The Cartesian dualism that speaks of the independence and separation of the mind and body perpetuates a sexist beliefs and behaviours. This is because it privileges the cognitive and intellectually is represented. This masculine discourses; Spelman argued that it works in reproducing a disembodied way of thinking which blinds people on how a normal world is. Spelman argued that the viewing of the woman as a property or a sex product undermines who the woman is. Elizabeth Spelman the Cartesian dualism is used to justify why the women are subordination especially in fields such as Politics. The stereotyping of women is a dangerous aspect in the society, judging a woman based on her body is an affront to the women. The theory tends to give certain roles to women, like that they have a certain position in the society and they are field that are specifically for them and others they should not venture into. They are seen as models and not engineers. 4. Aristotle refuted Plato Theory of Ideas arguing that, that the existence of various Ideas that contradict themselves and deny there being a possibility of a negation. He also argued that the portraying of Ideas was an empty metaphors and finally that the theory used various impermanent abstractions that created perception. The theory by Plato was meant to establish that the knowledge of reality was. Aristotle considered the argument to be full of inconsistencies and he believed that reality depended on correlations of other elements. These ideas, Plato believed were self contained absolutes and are permanent and they help in establishing what knowledge is and how it is attained by use of human thought. Plato also viewed Ideas as good standards to which it can be used to judge human endeavor and at the top of hierarchy of ideas leads is that of Good. Also the theory argued that that the states of being are based or dependent on the interaction of number of Forms of existence, also the objectivity of knowledge and therefore more real, it also argued that only the processes that are from nature are valid entities. However, Aristotle attacks this theory on the grounds that Platos arguments are inconclusive either his assertions are not al all cogent. Aristotle says, or his arguments lead to contradictory conclusions. Aristotle claimed that the argument by Plato makes one to conclude that those entities that might be man-made and the negation of great ideas can exist like from non good in when in opposition to good. This works in contradicting the belief by Plato which was that only natural objects can be used by unto themselves, that they are independent of the subjective experiences of human. Aristotle argued that Ideas cannot be abstractions but they are duplicates experiences that are witnessed by individuals everyday in their da ily life. Aristotle meant that Platos idea which stated that Ideas are not tangible to the subjective human experiences is perfect entities, has no grounds, since all standards are set by the perception and ordinary human activity. 5. Behaviorism is a theory of that believes that that all human behaviors are learnt or acquired through the process of conditioning. The process of conditioning happens when an individual interacts with the environment. Behaviorism experts believe that behavior can be effectively studied in an observable and systematic way without the consideration of the internal mental states in the subject of which the behavior is being studied. Behavior theorists believe that learning is just but the acquisition of behavior and this acquisition is conditioned by the environment that the person lives in. there are two methods of conditioning, namely the classical conditioning and the operant conditioning. According to dualism there are number a number of uses of thought. The idea of dualism believes that, for everything, there are two options or categories of principles or things. A dualist will believe that there is Good and Evil. The dualist belief that the two things or principles, are independent equal opposing forces in the world. In the mind philosophy, dualism theory believes that the mind and body is radically different thing. It is a theory that tends to say that everything comes from the mind and the body and that both are very different and distinct. The spirit, mind, or soul is thought to be the conscious and it help to show the self using the brain. The computational theory of mind argues that mind of human beings should be seen as a system for processing information. It also argues that thoughts are a form of computation. I prefer behaviorism as I belief that all behaviors that people exhibit are based on the environment that they live in. I strongly believe that behavior is learned by people. 6. Berkeley argued that the position of idealism can be held without any contradiction. Berkeley tried to portray realism as absurd, since it needed some concepts that cannot be conceptualized in reality. Therefore Berkeley made a conclusion that idealism was necessary, and the only theory we should work to understand. Realism is the ontological position which believes that there exists some things that which are neither in our minds or they are ideas in minds and idealism is the ontological position that believes that everything which exists it exists as either as an idea in a mind or a mind. Anti realist believe that what cannot be observed is not real. They insist that people can only understand anything if they come to understand the circumstances it is the way it is. They deny the objective reality that is of entities. They also deny the verifying of statement that are transcendent on a certain entity whether true or false. Berkeley and anti realist have several things in common which include that he did not believe in realism but believed in idealism which he considered to be essential to people. He argued that for a concept to be concrete it has to be observable. This is the same as what anti realist hold. 7. Jean-Paul Sartre, made the phrase that existence precedes essence. In the past it was assumed that nature or essence was more important eternal than existence. The phrase that existence precedes essence means, that humans and reality, exist before there are any morals or values. An individual is born with nothing in their mind. Also human beings do not have any universal or form of predetermined principles that are common to all. Sartre made an argument of there being two kinds of being, being-in-itself which demonstrated as being complete, fixed, and there being no reason of it there, it just is, it works to describe the external objects. The other being is showed as being dependent on the way it previously existed. It is fixed, absolute and works to describe the state of humanity. There being no preformed essence or a clear what to be human is, an individual is tasked to form their own concept about existence this can be achieved by an individual ensuring that they assert control and show responsibility for their choices and acts. Human beings gain their essence by their choices and actions that they make as individuals. It by living that an individual is able to define who truly they are. By life that we experience every day, we are involved in a process that shapes our identity. Since there is no set moral code that has been set for us to abide with, then there people as individuals have a fundamental freedom to ensure that they create their personal system of belief. 8. The ontological argument is an argument on the existence of God. The argument is based on reason and intuition alone. As per the argument, it states that that one should not look for any physical evidence to show that God exists. But by merely thinking about it we can realize that God exists. In philosophy this argument is referred to as priori argument. According to the ontological argument, human beings are wise enough to know claims false without even by looking into this claims and to find out. The argument claims that the thought that there is no God and does not exist is an absurd thought. According to the ontological argument, human beings can easily be able to decide that it is false or wrong to claim that there is no God; this decision can be made without one spending his time to look at the details of the existence of God. This is compared to one knowing what a triangle is which means it is obvious that it is impossible to have a four-sided triangle. The argument states that by one knowing the meaning of God it would be impossible for one to contemplate of God being non-existence. Descartes argued that it was impossible for people to demonstrating there being or existence of God who he considered to be supreme and a perfect being. Since human beings supposes and conceive the idea that there exists a supreme and perfect being. Therefore because we all have an idea of the supreme and perfect being, it is therefore imperative that we should all make a conclusion that this supreme perfect being does surely exists. 9. There being evil and a lot of suffering in the world poses a big challenge for one to belief in the existence of a God who is perfect. The problem of evil is an argument which argues that a God who is all-knowing, all powerful, and who is perfectly good should not permit any form of suffering or evil to happen. The world today is full of countless aspects of people suffering and there being too much evil.   The facts on the presence of evil and people suffering do conflict with the claim by the orthodox theists that there is a God who is perfectly good. This challenge by this conflict is known as the problem of evil. Some argue that God could have a reason that is morally enough reason for him to allow there being some evils to happen, by doing this he ensures that a big good is seen or comes out of the evil. But those against argue that God should only permit evil or suffering as it should be necessary so as to attain a bigger good. But when people look at the world, there are a lot of prevalent incidences of pointless evils that has no bigger good that comes out as a result. They also argue that the existence of pointless evil provide a strong case that God does not exist. Philosophers and theologians have worked to develop theodicies, which are responses that are meant to explain the argument from evil and help people to still have a belief in a God that is all-knowing, all-powerful and perfect and good. Some state that God allows people to undergo pointless evil for reason that are above human comprehension. 10. Pascal Wager argued that that is safe to believe that there is God since if later you learn that you were wrong you will have lost nothing. Also if one doesnt believe in God and it turns out to be incorrect, they will go to hell. He therefore believed it was not wise to be an atheist. I personally do not believe in this argument as it has several flaws. The argument doe not tell of which religion one should follow. Since there are many religions that are mutually exclusive and contradict each other example is Christianity and Islam. Therefore one might end up avoiding worshiping the wrong God thus avoiding the wrong hell and eventually end up in hell. Example is in both Christianity and Islam they both belief in there being hell yet their practices are very different and they both worship God, which God should one follow? Another flaw is that the argument that the person who the bet losses everything, it might be that he loses nothing. If an individual puts his bet on the wrong god, the True God just may decide to punish the person who bet wrong for his foolish behavior. Also the True God might be an independent God who respects the right of other people believing in what they reason rationally, therefore he does not pick on the bet. I also have a problem with somebody deciding to believe in a god since they think they have made a choice which will offer them a lot of benefits and less danger. This might be a problem as the god you believe in might have a problem in one believing in it so as to benefit by being allowed into heaven or not to be punished in hell. The god might be fair but on the choices that people made, were they selfish choice?

Monday, August 19, 2019

Is Learning Invisible to the Learner? :: Education Teaching Learning Essays

Is Learning Invisible to the Learner? Think back to all the things that you learned during your childhood and see if you remember them? If you do remember them, think about how you learned them. Did you ever realize that the experiences that you encountered would still be with you today? Or did you even realize that you were learning from the company around you. Well, people who get a better understanding of how they learn and who they learn from can become better learners themselves. Maybe if you would have had a better understanding for how you learn and whom you learn from you would have been a better learner. Smith, Golub, and Gardner are three authors who address this issue. Smith is one author who says that we learn without realizing we’re learning. He believes that we learn by the company we keep. This kind of learning puts us in a category of belonging to a club. At the start of our childhood we start to develop an identity through the members of our club. How many times did you do something because of the actions of others? This is the type of thing that influences us in the way we learn. While growing up, I mainly stayed around one group of friends. I established an identity through these people and I felt comfortable around them. This group of friends was considered my club. This group of people influenced much of my action whether it was in a positive or negative way. But regardless of how I was being influenced, I was still learning something new. For example, there was once a cactus in my 5th grade classroom that I always wanted to touch. I wanted to touch it because I knew it was sharp and I wanted to see if it would prick me and make me bleed. Now I realize that would have been very dumb because of the action of one of my friends. Unfortunately he decided to touch the cactus for the same reason, only to find out that it had poisonous needles that caused his skin to break out in hives. Luckily I learned from his actions instead of making the same mistake. This person along with all the others around me taught me so many different things that I was never even aware of. Did I ever consider that I learned from them?

Sunday, August 18, 2019

Computer Aided Learning: The way of the Future? :: Essays Papers

Computer Aided Learning: The way of the Future? As you look around at classrooms these days you may notice a trend. Computers are becoming more and more frequent each year. Teachers are using the latest technology to run power point presentations, streaming videos, and simulations that were never possible before. It ha becomes the new hallmark of teaching, allowing teachers to do more then ever thought possible. Companies have jumped on the bandwagon, selling aid to teachers and students. You can buy software for just about anything now a days. I know I had software for the SAT and ACT test that help considerably. But when do we have too much of a good thing? This is the debate that companies are going through, as well. Companies now have the choice of using normal human training or Computer-based training (CBT). Both have their advantages. Computer-based Training uses computer programs to teach without aid of a human instructor. Thus, you can get more people "efficiently" trained when they join the company, rather then waiting for the next training session. The premise of CBT, as stated by R. Scott Lawson in "Computer based training: is the next wave?", is an effective training medium. He goes on to say "Since the trainee directs his/her own progress through the material and actively participates by responding to prompts and questions, s/he pays greater attention to the subject matter." (Lawson sec.1 par.3) Also in this article Mr. Lawson describes the process of a CBT. The CBT gives a Pre-test. This test judge how much the trainee already knows on the subject matter. This pre-test helps the program customize itself for the trainee. Also test are taken to periodically to test the progress of the trainee. Another advantage of CBT is the bookmark feature. This allows you to stop and start the training at any time and get back to it later. Also you can customize your CBT program with company specific information, videos, and objectives. (Lawson sec. 2) The hopes of CBT are that the trainees retain the knowledge better then if taught by a human. In the article "Computer training vs. human instruction," by Holly Ann Suzik, Roger C. Schank was quoted as saying, "By and large, [human teachers] stand up in front of you and yak at you. And every body falls asleep. The sense that live humans are better teachers is a nice myth, because we don’t want to change.

Saturday, August 17, 2019

Beer Wars Essay

Beer Wars is documentary about the American beer industry and how the 3 largest US breweries try to drive out the competition. This documentary covers how lobbyists are used to control the beer market and drive out smaller breweries such as Dogfish Head Brewery, Stone Brewery, and Moonshot: all producers of craft beer. The documentary describes how a 3 tier system was put into place to separate the powers of selling beer and prevent a monopoly but the laws that were put into place to prevent the monopoly, infact, promoted the size and strength of the largest beer corporations. An oligopoly was formed and maintained between Anheuser Busch, Coors, and Miller. Porter’s Five Forces Model is a business strategy that was covered in Beer Wars. Anat Barron described how difficult it was for small craft beer makers to be new entrants to the beer industry. When Anheuser Busch felt the least bit threatened, they had the capital and access to distribution channels that the smaller breweries did not have. The craft breweries found it greatly difficult to compete with the big 3 because they were not a substitute for the Big 3’s product, they were a small competitor. Anheuser Busch controlled the bargaining power because they were able to keep prices down due to their size and pockets while small craft breweries had to be more expensive because of the quality and care that went into it on top of having to pay a higher rate for ingredients compared to the other large corporations. To cite an example of the deep pockets that the big 3 had, Anheuser Busch came out with beer with caffeine in response to Moonshot beer, which was a craft beer (and the first of it’s kind). It can be viewed as theft but they had the pockets to Moonshot out. They targeted the bars and stores that carried Moonshot and gave them free cases of Anheuser Busch’s version of Moonshot beer. Though illegal some bars took it because it was free and busch had better prices to drive moonshot out. The intensity of competitive rivalry was at an all-time high when it came to Anheuser Busch trying to weed out the smaller breweries. The big 3 breweries managed to control the market share through advertising on tv , sponsorships, and on the store shelves through strategic placement of their product. The three tier system that separates the powers of selling beer delves into how lobbyists are used to control the beer market. Anheuser Busch uses their deep pockets to get rid of competition from small craft beer makers and control consumer choice. They purchase other beer corporations. Although only touched upon briefly towards the end of the film, Anat touched upon how Coors and Miller had to go into a 50/50 joint venture to compete with Anheuser Busch. Coors and Miller scanned the beer environment and realized that they could not keep a myopic view and hope for things to turn around. They knew that in order for each to survive, they needed to join forces. They were easier for Anheuser to take out individually but stronger as a whole.

IBO Assignment Essay

Background The Case study is an email conversation between two colleagues Jane Epstein & Rick Lazarus. Jane has joined Technico recently and Rick was her colleague and trusted friend from the last company. Jane is discussing with Rick about the new current company and the staff she got there. She individually described the personalities of her staff like Caroline as universally trusted (according to her), Tom as a joker and a natural sales guy, Jack as intellectual and intense, and the most problematic figure for her as well as the organization – Andy Zimmerman. He is a person who is intellectually very smart but is very impatient, his intimidating tone is worrying. There were many instances like Jane’s AA, Maureen had made a scheduling error and Andy blasted over her even though Jane, his boss was standing there Jane had an opinion that this reaction was not supposed to happen and could have been dealt with tactfully. Rick on the other hand was of the opinion that Jane was over r eacting and that she had to establish her own authority with him, or Andy would step all over her. Then Jane described about the organization and the staff and also that the senior managers talk about the lack of hierarchy in the organization. Jane thinks she should not comment about the  organization as she had recently joined it. Then she also gave another instance where in a discussion with all the members, Jack was addressing an important concept and then Andy interrupted in between and he expressed all the issues, flaws, and that what Jack was trying to propose made no sense. Jane also later heard Andy reaming all the other AA members. The main personality traits Jane described about him were that Andy was smart, intelligent & efficient but doesn’t has any peculiar positive group traits that would win him any personality contests. He also was nasty to his other AA colleagues. When this came to Caroline, he also blasted over her despite her being the person who made him calm whenever he lost his cool with the others in the staff. Andy expressed his anger by mailing Ca roline about her incompetency in her work and the goof ups she made in a very harsh tone. This mail was shared with Jane and Caroline expressed her grief. Jane could see that Caroline was fed up with her smoothing over role. Sometimes Jane felt that she was playing the role of a kindergarten teacher and not a co-operate manager managing such highly paid people. Now Jane thought of finally confronting Andy and telling him that his behaviour is intimidating the staff in a negative way, his behaviour if continued for some more time would result in the decrease in the productivity of the firm. But in the one-on one meeting she came to know that Andy has got great insights, energy and was smart enough to justify his behaviour. Jane experienced that he behaved as if he was down to earth, but was opposite in the presence of a group. She advised him to overcome his impatience and to slow down and be a little considerate with the staff. Even after being so clear with Andy she noticed that he repeated the same old behaviour in the next group meeting. She now realized that he has no plans of changing at all. Now she is in a dilemma as how to tackle the bullying behaviour and maintain the productivity of the staff. So in this case we have to find the problems and issues of Andy’s behaviour and find the plausible solution for those problems. Analysis: Main Issues: Increasing job dissatisfaction in the team Team work getting affected Professionals carrying their personal issues at workplace Difference in performance among team members Incompatibility in attitude, creating the base for all problems Explanation: Productivity and efficiency are getting affected due to Andy’s attitude problem, and his way of handling things. As Andy continuously bullies employs they get demoralised and were unable to give their 100% to their work because of his fear and negative critics. Caroline despite of being a good worker, needs to be more professional. She needs to differentiate between her professional and personal life, and must prioritize her personal issues so that that they don’t affect her work and professional commitments (work –life balance). Work culture is being affected I a negative way, due to Andy s discouraging attitude, whenever somebody doesn’t performs, he is pissed off, One needs to work as a team –work attitude, bullying and dominating are restraints to growth and team –work. Team morale is going down. As the only feedback the get from Andy is negative Andy is not praising any of the efforts the team is putting in but is sure to highlight the glitches that are coming across the project because of them. The staff members do not know the importance of working in a diverse team and adjust within the team. Plausible solutions: 1 Have a second briefing with Andy and ask him to mellow down a little bit with the staff. Try to talk him out that the staff will cooperate more with him, only if he is a little adjusting and open with them and doesn’t humiliate them in front of others. People go through grey patch and as their senior, he should consider the emotional stance of his staff and try to make them comfortable, so that the staff may also think of trying to give their best even in adverse situations. 2 Have a discussion with the rest of the staff and try to make them understand that Andy is doing this for the betterment of the organization, and in the interest of the team, he wants to bring out the best of them. 3 Send him for personal counselling to tackle his attitude issues with his staff and juniors. 4 Try and change his role if his domain knowledge is applicable in any other role. 5 Also Caroline should also be sent for a personal counselling, as she is going through testing times in her life an d currently she needs as much support as she can get from her team mates for the time being so as to cope up. This support  will motivate her further to overcome and bounce back. 6 He can be sent for a month or two on a leave or for training for boosting his team work skills. 7 Write a memo that his behaviour is unacceptable, distracts from work and I want to stop. In case, if it happens again then write another memo stating the same problem and hand it over to her boss or her HR manager. 8 She should plan sessions for team dynamics preferably away from the work environment to cultivate a bond of understanding and openness between the team members hence increasing their trust amongst each other. By knowing each other well, it is possible that they would come forward and help each other in adverse conditions. Best possible solution would be to send Andy Zimmerman for a Management Development Program (MDP) so as to tackle his attitude towards his team mates and be an effective manager. Also Caroline should be advised to go through a personal counselling session where she can learn to cope up with her personal issues. Managerial Learnings: Manager should try to create a positive environment within workplace. Manager should try to avoid criticizing anyone in public. Manager should not blame a team member for small faults; instead he or she should try to talk to him regarding the same in private, so that they can improvise their performance. Manger should try not to be a ‘critic’ for his staff, but should appreciate their inputs and hard work. This would not only increase the motivation of his or her employees, but will consequently lead to greater commitment to the organisation. Manager should try to analyse the training required

Friday, August 16, 2019

Amy: A Case Study Essay

Amy is the mother of three children: a daughter who is seven and twins – a boy and a girl – who are five. Her husband is an attorney and works long hours. Amy is a college graduate and worked in a professional role until the twins were born. Amy is an only child, social, attractive and very well organized. However, inside, Amy feels insecure, even worthless. Her mother was an alcoholic and her father died when she was ten. After her father died, Amy began to take care of her mother when her mother was to drunk to cook meals, or clean the house. Somehow, Amy always felt it was her fault her father died and her mother started drinking. She had always thought that when she got married and had her own family everything would be perfect. She never expected her husband would work seven days a week, 12-hour days. He rarely had time for the children or for her. Amy started drinking to numb her feelings of disappointment, but soon her drinking got in the way of taking care of th e children and her home. Case study: Amy Amy is a single child, very intellectual and organized. She is married to an attorney who works twelve-hour days five days a week. Amy is a mother of three children a seven-year-old daughter and twins that are five years old. Amy is a collage graduate and had worked as a professional before her twins were born. After Amy’s marriage she comes to realize that her husband works so much that he has little time for her or their children. Amy believed that her family would not resemble that she had grown up in. Amy lost her father at the age of ten and found herself taken care of her mother. Amy’s mother is an alcoholic; Amy would take care of her mother when she was to intoxicated to care for herself or the household. Amy feels that she is worthless and insecure, she feels that her mothers drinking and her father’s death is her fault. Amy has found herself in a situation resembling her mothers. Amy has begun drinking to numb the feelings of disappointment. Amy’ s drinking has come to the point of interfering with taking care of her children and her household. It seems that Amy is in need of help with her issues and her recent increase with drinking. The need to have a assessment and comprehensive treatment plan with a continuity of care approach should be the main focus of treatment for Amy. To assist Amy I would have to assure that the diagnosis is specific and pertains to her individual need. As the book states; â€Å"First, diagnosing a condition not only implies that you understand the criteria for making the particular diagnosis but that you also can’t differentiate that condition from others† (Fisher & Harrison, Ch. 6 pg. 114) Because Amy’s drinking has influenced her family life and her ability to take care probably of her children; it is safe to say that Amy’s diagnosis would be alcohol Abuse. One of the 1st steps in diagnosing Amy properly would be to do a psychosocial interview. After I have completing a thorough psychosocial interview and eliminating other factors in Amy’s life to eliminate dual diagnosis such as. Amy’s situation meets criteria for the DSM-IV of influences, be cause of substance abuse on her social, occupational, or recreational activities shown by her lack in care with their children. Because of Amy’s more recent bout with alcoholism to say that she has no physiological dependency as of yet. Diagnosis of substance abuse follows DSM-IV criteria of failure to fulfill major roles and obligations to work, home, or school. Motivational interviewing developed by William Miller and Stephen Rollnick is a process that assesses the client’s readiness for change. The client may not be ready to hear that they are substance dependent and not quite ready to change (Fisher & Harrison, 2009). Determining what stage that Amy is in would be preferable means of continuing, the stages are; pre-contemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance. Because Amy has sought out help its safe to say that Amy is in the preparation stage. This is an and him and important state that occurs when the individual has become ready and determined to change and take action to do so with steps given by a counselor or therapist. Dr. Amy has entered the stage and be saved to say the next leader action and maintenance stage it was the continuing care plan will be set up in the process of treatment would begin. Amy will enter the next stage, maintenance stage. In this stage, the person tries to maintain the change that resulted from his or her actions without relapsing (Fisher & Harrison, 2009). Treatment Plan: Minnesota Model program; : A continuum of care including assessment and diagnosis, detoxification, inpatient, therapeutic communities, halfway houses, outpatient, and aftercare has been developed using the Minnesota model† (Fisher & Harrison, Ch. 8 pg.135) Amy has used alcohol recently to numb her feelings of disappointment duration of time unknown. However, the period of time is substantial enough to meet substance abuse criteria of DSM-IV. Amy will remain absent from all substances and enter a 30-day inpatient program geared towards complete abstinence and extended learning of mind body and spirit. Amy will remain absent from any substances for duration of 30 days or longer and enter a continuing care program based on 12-step program. Strategies and goals for Amy to complete; attending daily AA meetings after completing 30-day inpatient program. Amy will continue AA meetings on a daily basis as well as completion of program lectures. Amy will participate in individual and family counseling once a week for one year and establish a strong support group with peers in 12-step program. Amy will participate and Al-Anon, and marriage counseling once a week for duration of one year. Amy’s participation is based primarily on financial availability recommendation inpatient 30 days, continuing care, and follow-up. In conclusion I believe that Amy is willing to stop the down word spiral she has begun and is willing to go to any means necessary to do so, I believe Amy understands her consumption of alcohol has negatively influenced her home life. Amy isn’t is in need of therapy at this time primary focus on abstinence from alcohol followed up with therapy to deal with childhood issues such as her father dying and her becoming the mother role model. After completion of treatment program stated above I believe Amy will have a better grasp on that ability to deal with past history influences and triggers. I believe Amy has had a tough life and put a lot of pressure on her ability to succeed where her parents did not. Cite page Fisher, G. L. & Harrison, T. C. (2009). Substance abuse: Information for school counselors, social workers, therapists, and counselors (4th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education, Inc. Rollnick, S. Ph.D. & Miller, W. Ph.D. (1995) Motivational interviewing. Retrieved on 12/15/12 from: http://motivationalinterview.net/clinical/whatismi.html

Thursday, August 15, 2019

Why People Use Steroids Health And Social Care Essay

Steroid is a category of manufactured testosterone-like drugs that are used to construct musculuss, encouragement and better visual aspect ( Basic facts about drugs: steroids ) . Many organic structure components, drugs and endocrines are referred to steroids such as bile acids, steroid alcohols and sex endocrines. Anabolic-androgenic steroids are the most widely used steroids used as public presentation heightening agents ( Purchase anabolic androgenic steroids ) . Another steroid type is Cortico steroids, which are used to cut down the impact of hurting, swelling and inflammatory symptoms. Some steroids are necessary to normal wellness such as Vitamin D. However, some are used to derive physical strength.Why Peoples Use Steroid?Work forces used to be the steroid users, but the tendency is altering and now steroids are besides used by females. And now the usage of steroids is non limited to any peculiar gender ; both work forces and adult females use it. The ground for this displace ment is the desire of holding a strong build is besides fast emerging in females. As a consequence they use steroids to acquire into better form. It is non that merely grownup females use steroids, but immature females besides steroids for fast physical growing. The usage of many steroids is illegal, and it can merely be used on physician ‘s prescription, yet many sportswomans have found guilty of utilizing steroids in the recent yesteryear. As a consequence, some received impermanent prohibition while some got lifetime prohibition. Now the inquiry is why they use steroid if it is prohibited? The reply is a bulk of steroid users believe that steroid is the lone manner to develop musculus strength. Furthermore, everyone loves winning, therefore people besides use steroids to heighten their public presentation. Some steroids are used as drugs, and like other drugs, people use steroids to get away the world and bask the pleasance drugs provide them. In today ‘s universe, people want to see their favourite sportswoman winning. Therefore, jocks do whatever it takes to win and they start utilizing steroids to execute good in their several athleticss, but in making so they overlook the side effects of steroid.Steroid Abuse Effects on Men and WomenThe inordinate usage of any substance has some side effects so as the steroid. Unnecessary usage of steroid may hold inauspicious affects on human wellness. Aggression and unmanageable mood-swings are the most common side effects that are caused by steroids ( Disadvantages to steroids ) . Peoples may experience good after utilizing steroid, but uninterrupted usage may do people violent and manic-depressive. There are different gender-specific side effects caused by the unneeded usage of steroid. Problems faced by male users are baldness, gynecomastia ( Development of chest issues ) , sterility, testiss atrophy, and prostate malignant neoplastic disease. In add-on, jobs faced by female users are infertility, additions in organic structure hair, deeper voice, and unpredictable catamenial rhythm and enlarged button ( Disadvantages to steroids ) . These are few jobs that can ensue due to steroid usage. In add-on, steroid besides affects human birthrate that can do different jobs for both work forces and adult females. The following subdivision highlights the effects of steroid usage on human birthrate.Steroid Affects on Men and Women FertilityAs discussed earlier, the uninterrupted usage of steroid can do a figure of health-related jobs. The most terrible 1s caused by the usage of steroid are birthrate jobs in both work forces and adult females. This job can frequently be long permanent ( Illegal drugs and their affect on your birthrate ) .Steroids Affects on Male FertilityMany males do non see the effects of steroids on human birthrate at all. They merely care about looking good by holding large musculuss and executing good in the athleticss sphere. The fact remains clouded until they decide on get downing up a household and it is so when their wont of utilizing steroids begins stalking them. In males, powerlessness and erect ile disfunction are the most common side effects of utilizing anabolic steroid. Steroids besides significantly affect the sperm count. This is because maltreatment of anabolic steroids badly affects the endocrines, which are indispensable to the sperm production ‘s procedure ( Low birthrate caused by steroids ) . In add-on to the fact that the usage of steroid can stop up in low sperm count, it can besides lend in cut downing the sex thrust. Therefore, it can be said that steroid can so do a figure of sexual and generative jobs in male ( Doweiko, 2008 ) . And the more the steroids are taken, the larger it will impact the endocrines form. Fortunately, the amendss that steroids cause on the male birthrate can be reversed if person stops taking the drugs. However, the effects can stay for a twelvemonth, and the sperm count and maps can stay accomplished. It is of import to avoid low birthrate caused by steroids. The status should be on the first precedence to be considered, particularly if the steroids are being used for the recreational intents. In add-on, people should non utilize steroids unless their wellness attention suppliers recommend them.Steroids Affects on Women FertilityIt is non a concealed fact that there is ever a danger of low birthrate when utilizing steroids, both prescribed and non-prescribed. Fertility tabular matters caused by steroids can upshot females. Like males, the usage of steroids can hold a detrimental consequence on the generative system of females. In terrible instances, the birthrate can be for good affected. Those females who take corticoids on a regular basis and trusting to gestate a babe are more prone to the side effects of steroids. Pseudohermaphroditism is another state of affairs that pregnant adult females can endure due to the maltreatment of anabolic steroid. In add-on, it can besides impede the growing of female foetus. Steroids besides increase the hazard of foetal decease in adult females. It is of import that they should confer with with their doctors on a regular basis to avoid any bad luck in gestation or birth defects. The ground is the harm for some adult females in that instance can be permanent, and it can hold an impact on their ability to gestate. Furthermore, such types of steroids remain in the organic structure for a longer period, therefore, the effects can stay till the drug is present in the organic structure ( Low birthrate caused by steroids ) .

Wednesday, August 14, 2019

Global Supply Chain Management

Global Supply Chain Management ERP Business Administration , 3rd year Project by Arhire Alexandru Coordonating professor Pavaloaia Daniel Contents Introduction3 Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System4 Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Management – Company Strategies5 Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model6 Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management8 Chapter 5. Conclusions10 References11 Introduction In order to understand what global supply chain management is we must first become familiar with the concept of supply chain management. The supply chain management is the network of services, material and information flow that link a firm’s customer relations, order fulfillment and supplier relations processes to those of its suppliers and customers. It is the science of developing a strategy to motivate, control and organize the resources involved in the flow of services and materials within the supply chain†. Nowadays, mo re and more companies source globally, sell globally, or compete with some other company that is involved in such activities. Thus, global supply chain management (GSCM) represents a central area of focus for many businesses and business schools today. Although the extraordinary growth of GSCM attests to its robustness and practical importance, the field is diffuse and complex. Many methods and perspectives on GSCM have emerged from logistics, operations, marketing, management, economics, sociology, personnel, information systems, and international relations. Their diversity and rapid growth make it hard to keep abreast of significant developments. Moreover, many of these approaches have evolved with relative independence, paying little attention to how they relate to existing methods or interrelate with each other.This makes it difficult to accumulate wisdom in the field and to develop a coherent knowledge base to guide research and practice. † Many businesses have found â₠¬Å"global supply chain management† to be an important issue when trying to outsource in regions across their borders. This can be explained by the increase in globalization. To outsource on a global level is difficult because it involves doing business with a variety of companies and suppliers which have their own codes of business conducts and various perspectives on business ethics; mainly on how to trade internationally.Global Supply Chain Management involves two big concepts: the supply chain management concept which was discussed above and the concept of globalization. This concept infers the cross-border movement of good and the emergence of global competitors and opportunities across competing supply chains with an industry. However, the current trend towards the globalization of supply chain management leaves many managers confused. Managers often question the differences between a global market and a single market, in that many of the same conditions exist in both.Alt hough this may be true, the complexities of cross-border operations are exponentially greater than in a single country, and the ability to compete in the global environment often depends on understanding the subtleties that emerge only in cross-border trade—that is, in â€Å"Global Supply Chain Management†. Chapter 1. Issues within the Global Supply Chain Management System For companies to operate on a global level is no easy task. There are many complications that arise from trying to do business across borders. 1. The first issue it faces is the costs and expenses of doing business â€Å"across borders†.Dealing with international business is a difficult task because it involves many types of different businesses in many countries. Costs for the company may involve: renting the required space, state taxes, transportation and others. â€Å"Additionally, companies need to factor in the exchange rate. Obviously, companies must do their research and give serious c onsideration to all of these different elements as part of their global supply management approach. † 2. The second factor that can put a dent into â€Å"global supply management† is the necessary time to conduct all the activities when dealing with this issue. The productivity of the overseas employees and the extended shipping times can either positively or negatively affect the company's lead time, but either way these times need to be figured into the overall procurement plan†. There are multiple factors that can influence the amount of time spent when doing business overseas, factors like: the delay of a shipment due to bad weather conditions, this can also influence the production process, or the time it takes for the merchandise to get clearance through customs.When dealing with the issue of â€Å"global supply chain management† the expression â€Å"time is money† takes a bigger and more literary meaning. 3. Another factor that managers tend t o consider important when dealing overseas is the place where you chose to do business. Some companies may choose technologically developed countries for the obvious reasons: information travels faster, the production process can be sped up and so can the shipment process. Other companies may choose poorer countries just due to the fact that the labor in those types of countries is cheap.And some companies might want to keep their activities somewhere closer to the main headquarters in order to reduce costs and expenses. 4. Probably one of the most pressing issues is that global supply chain managers deal with is the selection of the suppliers. It is a difficult task to try and get the ideal supplier because there are many and making a comparison between them is very difficult due to various issues like being pressured by time or trying to choose the cheapest supplier due to insufficient funds. A company must take its time when choosing the suppliers ost fitted for them and must ana lyze from all perspectives: quality, price, reputation, promptitude and many others. Taking the time to make a thorough research for suppliers on the market should be one of the main priorities of a company. 5. Another issue that can arise in â€Å"global supply chain management† is of logistic nature. Companies that choose to ship their products overseas can encounter issues such as: how many factories or plants does it need? How many suppliers are needed to ensure a fast manufacturing process in order to meet the market demand? Where should the company export their goods and why? For example, if a business uses a number of vendors around Bangalore, India than it may make sense to locate the manufacturing plant that would utilize those supplies in or around Bangalore as well. Not only will this provide lower employee costs, but overall shipping and tariff expenses should also be reduced. This would then save the company money†. Chapter 2. Global Supply Chains Managemen t – Company Strategies For a company to go global is always a difficult and long-term task. It has to face a lot of risks and issues that arise from trying to accomplish such a goal.When faced with the questions of what are the most challenging aspects of going global for a supply chain, managers and executives tend to reffer to the following: * Total resources required to manage supply chain * Recruitment and retention of sufficient local talent * Integration of IT systems between the company and vendors * Degree to which central manageement was required * Degree to which local management was required * Identification and implementation of risk-management strategy * Grater difficulty of managing safety and/or quality Speed at which competitive advantages from extending operations to low-cost markets evened out across us and our competitors * Infrastructure to support local workforce It is inveitable that when a company chooses to go global that it should face these challenge s. Many of them represent a great risk while others are technologically based. Technological development for a company is a key factor for success because especially nowadays, a company that has it’s own IT department and systems can easily gain a competitive advantage. Another important challenge that a company is faced with, is the recruitment of employees.When expanding to different territories finding talented people to work for the company can be a huge challenge. The company may need to transport capable employees from the mother company to new locations in order to ensure a good start for it’s activities in that area. This is why companies need to form a solid strategy for their supply chain and try to prioritize their goals. For example in a research done by McKenzy ; Company in 2008 have shown that the primary strategic goals that companies focus on are: * Reducing costs * Improving customer service Getting new products/services to market faster * Improving pr oduct quality * Reducing comapny’s carbon footprint * Maintaining majority of employees in home region The companies that are trying to emphasise on reducing costs the most are the companies that operate in developing or emerging markets. McKinsey ; Company also says that „perhaps comapnies in countries such as China are trying to anticipate the effect of rising costs (including labor costs and appreciating currencies) on the competitive advantages they currently enjoy as low-cost manufactureres†.The conclusion here is that if companies want to succeed on foreign markets they must develop strong strategies for market penetration, the speed to which the products arrive at the disposal of the customers, hiring competent personel and lowering costs. Chapter 3. Global Supply Chain Model In order for a company to be able to adapt to the everchanging global markets and to manage to keep up with the technological advances it mus have a sound „global supply chain mo del†. Researchers say that in order for a company to succeed it must have a „model of global supply chain agility†. Researchers ike Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh and Dr. Nagesh Murthy, define in their paper intitled „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, the concept of „global supply chain agility† as „a measure of the supply chain’s ability to efficiently adapt to a rapidly changing global competitive environment to provide and/or services†. They also state that „global supply chain agility† is determined by four componenets of flexibility, which are: * The flexibility of product development * The flexibility of sourcing * The flexibility of manufacturing * The flexibility of logisticsThey also state that „an organization’s information technology flexibility and its industry’s global competitive environment influence its level of global chain agility†. (Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy). An example of a practical „global supply chain management† model could be: Chapter 4. The virtualization of Global Supply Chain Management If a long time ago business was conudcted in the old fashioned way, like face to face trading, nowadays it is not required to physically be preasent when closing a deal or trading goods or services. This is mainly because of the Internet.This amazing invention which revolutionized how the entire world works, has rapidly made its way into the world of business and changed it forever. The birth of the Internet has brought to the business world instruments such as „E-business† or „E-commerce† which basicly means „the use of Interned-based computing and communications to execute both front-end and back-end business processes†. With the help of the Internet, comapnies can obtain a greater visibility outside their own borders on what i s happening with their activities and the activities of competitors and thus are able to quickly respond to changes in the market.The adoption of „e-business† can mean, for companies, a better global supply chain with the reductions of costs and expenses, the increase in flexibility and faster reactions in time. Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang, say in their paper intiteled „E-Business and Supply Chain Integration† that „ over the past decade a combination of economic, technology and market forces has compelled companies to examine and reinvent their supply chain strategies. Some of these forces include the globalization of business the proliferation of product variety, increasing complexity of supply networks and the shortening of the product life cycles.To stay competitivem enlightened comapnies have strived to achieve greater coordination and collabroation among supply chain partners in an approach called „supply chain Integration†Ã¢â‚¬ . T his means that the Internet plays an important role and will continue to play it in the development of the „global supply chain management† and provide fast and reliable ways of integration for the supply chain. The way in which a company conducts „e-business† will be an important factor in the succes of that company.If a company kows how to use the internet for its „back-end† operations like product development and design, procurement of supplies, production process, keeping inventory, distribution channels, services support, marketing and management then it is very much likely that the company will always be at a competitive advantage. Reseachers Hau L. Lee and Seunjing Whang have identified four key dimensions in which the impacts of „e-business† can be found on „supply chain integration†: a. „Information integration†. Which reffers to „the sharing of information among memebers of the supply chain†.If this system is implemented correctly, without the danger of leaking important company secrets to unwanted parties, then the communication between the memebers of a supply chain can be made easier an thus increase the overall performance. b. „Planning synchronization†. Which refers to „the joint design and execution of plans for product introduction, forecasting and replenishment†. This dimension refers to the ability of the supply chain memebers to use the information provided in order to acomplish their plans and meet their objectives. c. Workflow coordination†. It reffers to „streamlined and automated workflow activities between the supply chain partners†. This means to decide on how the provided information can be used and what is the best way to gain the most out of it. In the end it means to achieve efficiency thorugh technology solutions and to automate many of the cross-company workflow stages. d. „New Business Models†. „E-business allows partners to redefine logistics flows so that the roles and responsabilities of memebers may change to improve overall supply chain efficiency†.Taking an „e-business† approach to supply chain integration can mean improvements in effciency but can also spring new opportunities of business for the company that previously were not possible. For example with the help of the Internet a „supply chain network may jointly create new products, pursue mass cutomization and penetrate new markets and customer segments†. In conclusion, „e-business† and „e-commerce† are two powerfull tools for the integration of the global supply chain across a widespread area of industries and countries.Such instruments have the power to enable a faster and realiable cooperation between memebrs of the „global supply chain† and companies that adopt such methods will surely gain and important competitive advantage on the g lobal markets. The sharing of information benefits not only the company that does the sharing but the whole business community, thus establishing a network of „e-business† between companies all over the world is an important step towards the development of business processes and conducts.The internet not only helps develop a company but it also gives it new business oportunities which can enrich its portfolio and make it more attractive to customers. Chapter 5. Conclusions Considering all that has been said in this paper we can safely assume that the core of a business is its supply chain. Thus if the whole world is involved in doing business then we can say that „global supply chain mangement† is the core of the business world and it is what really „makes the world go round†.The main „driver† that stands behind the „wheel† of an efficient „global supply chain management† is without a doubt the Internet and the instrument known as „e-business†. With the help of the Internet companies now can gain real-time visibility into the flow of their good and services, get information on their suppliers, optimize inventory management, reduce transportation and shipping costs, the oportunity to quickly react to a change or shift in the market in order to respond to the customer needs.However, along with these benefits are the challenges that businesses need to overcome when operating globally. These challenges are related to foreign national economies, logistics, cultures, competition, and infrastructure. These challenges give rise to several risks in global supply chains. In the end â€Å"global supply chain management† is the network that opens countries to cross border trading and is an important part in global business. References * Luvai F. Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank , Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management†. * http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , accessed on the 19th of May 2012. * McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pages 5,6,9. * Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. * Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pages 2 and 4. ——————————————– [ 1 ]. Luvai F.Motiwalla, Jeff Thompson, â€Å"Enterprise Systems for Management†, 2nd edition, Chp. 11, pg 327. [ 2 ]. John T. Metzner, Theodore P. Stank, Matthew B. Myers, â€Å"Why Global Supply Chain Management† [ 3 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 2. [ 4 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_cha in-Global-Management. htm , parahraph 3. [ 5 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 4. [ 6 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. htm , paragraph 5. [ 7 ]. http://www. epiqtech. com/supply_chain-Global-Management. tm , paragraph 6. [ 8 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 9. [ 9 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 5. [ 10 ]. McKinsey Global Survey Results, â€Å"Managing global supply chains†, pg 6. [ 11 ]. Patty Swafford, Dr. Soumen Ghosh, Dr. Nagesh Murthy, „A Model of Global Supply Chain Agility and its Impact on Competitive Performance†, pg 2. [ 12 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg 2. [ 13 ]. Hau L. Lee, Seunjing Whang, â€Å"E-business and Supply Chain Integration†, pg. 4.